Particle Production;Kaon and Muon Physics with Project-X Rajendran Raja

1. Particle Production;Kaon and Muon Physics with Project-X Rajendran Raja Fermilab Photo: H. Hayano, KEK Rajendran Raja Project-X

2. The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab– Main Injector version– Will likely carry on to the Project-X era

3. The deepest probe of Lepton Flavor Physics: Ultra-rare m-Decays: First Order FCNC: Higher order dipole “penguin”: Virtual n mixing The MEG(PSI) experiment has probed to 10-11 level. Forbidden in Standard Model Observation of neutrino mixing shows this can occur at a very small rate Photon can be real (m->eg) or virtual (mN->eN) Rajendran Raja Project-X 3

4. Rare muon decays in Project-X:m-N→e-N Sensitivity to New Physics Supersymmetry Compositeness Predictions at 10-15 Second Higgs doublet Heavy Neutrinos Heavy Z’, Anomalous Z coupling Leptoquarks After W. Marciano Rajendran Raja Project-X

5. Measuring couplings of SUSY observed at the LHC. Now Mu2e Mu2e@Project-X Rajendran Raja Project-X

6. mu2e Muon Beam and Detector for every incident proton 0.0025 m-’s are stopped in the 17 0.2 mm Al target foils MECO spectrometer design Rajendran Raja Project-X 6

7. Cost and Schedule • This is a technically limited schedule • Critical Path is Superconducting Solenoids • $200M “fully-loaded” Total Cost data-taking 1st quarter Calendar 2016 Rajendran Raja Project-X

8. Muon g-2 @ FNAL • Based on results of the August 2010 Intensity Frontier review, DOE has decided to go ahead with the next generation muon g-2 experiment by moving the storage ring from Brookhaven to Fermilab. • Fermilab can deliver 21x the total Brookhaven statistics in less than 2 years. • Modest modifications of existing beamlines and detectors allow us to drastically reduce the dominant systematic errors in the precession frequency measurement. • This is matched with a world wide program to validate the SM calculation of g-2 (Novosibirsk, KLOE, B-factories, BES. Lattice…) • Currently reevaluating the schedule given budget constraints but expect to start taking data in the middle of this decade. Rajendran Raja Project-X

9. Project-X talk proper • Kaons as part of Project-X are a direct result of the CW option ( as are the nuclear physics options). Much higher intensities result from the CW option. • CW option is a result of the push to do ADS using project-X. 2007 Accel Division Seminar I gave on ADS mentioned CW. It was picked up by several attendees and Option 2 was born. • AHIPA09 workshop further cemented the broad base of physics possible using a CW Project • ADS as part of Project-X was further strengthened at the Accelerators for America’s future Workshop held by the DoE. Rajendran Raja Project-X

10. The Project-X Research Program • Long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: Driven by a high-power proton source with proton energies between 50 and 120 GeV that would produce intense neutrino beams directed toward massive detectors at a distant deep underground laboratory. • Kaon, muon, nuclei & neutron precision experiments driven by high intensity proton beams running simultaneously with the neutrino program: These could include world leading experiments searching for muon-to-electron conversion, nuclear and neutron electron dipole moments (edms), and world-leading precision measurements of ultra-rare kaon decays. • Platform for evolution to a Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Detailed Discussion:Project X website Rajendran Raja Project-X

11. The Window of Ultra-rare Kaon Decays at Project X Standard Model rate of 3 parts per 100 billion! Project X will has sensitivity for 1000 SM events BSM particles within loops can increase the rate by x10 with respect to SM. Rajendran Raja Project-X

12. Rates sensitive to other BSMs:Warped Extra Dimensions as a Theory of Flavor?? Rajendran Raja Project-X

13. Buras et al. SM accuracy of <5%, motivates 1000-event experiments Effect of Warped Extra Dimension Models on Branching Fractions Rajendran Raja Project-X

14. The Project-X Accelerator Configuration Rajendran Raja Project-X

15. This Science has attracted Competition:The Proton Source Landscape This Decade... Project-X • Pulsed machines driving neutrino horns: SPS (0.5 MW), Main Injector ( 0.3 MW now, 0.7 MW for Nova), JPARC (plan for 1.7 MW) • Cyclotrons and synchrotrons driving muon programs PSI (1.3 MW, 600 MeV), JPARC RCS (0.1-0.3 MW) • Synchrotrons driving kaon physics programs. SPS (0.015 MW), JPARC (goal of >0.1 MW), Tevatron (0.1 MW) • Linear machines driving nuclear and neutron programs: SNS, LANL, FRIB….not providing CW light-nuclei beams. M Seidel, PSI Rajendran Raja Project-X

16. The High Duty Factor Proton Source Landscape This Decade... * x Duty Factor Project-X CW-Linac PSI * TRIUMF power * Stopped/Slow kaon yield/Watt * Beam power x Duty Factor Rajendran Raja Project-X

17. “Continuous Wave” (CW) Linac for Rare Processes… • Beam extraction challenge is finessed. • Duty factor is very high. • The high frequency bandwidth intrinsic to a Linac can be exploited to generate excellent time resolution (dt~20psec), a very powerful tool to face a high intensity environment. • JLAB has demonstrated that beam can be cleanly multiplexed between many targets with minimal losses. These “touchless” RF beam multiplexers are enabled by the high linac bandwidth. • Excellent beam power scaling. Rajendran Raja Project-X

18. An Incomplete Menu of World Class Research Targets Enabled by Project-X. continued… Day-1 Experiment Muon Physics: • Next generation muon-to-electron conversion experiment, new techniques for higher sensitivity and/or other nuclei. • Next generation (g-2)m if motivated by next round, theory, LHC. New techniques proposed to JPARC that are beam-power hungry… • m edm • mg3e • m+e-gm-e+ • m-Agm+A’ ; m-Age+A’ ; m-e-(A)ge- e-(A) • Systematic study of radiative muon capture on nuclei. Rajendran Raja Project-X

19. Pursuing the Holy Grail of Stopped Muon Experiments:A High Acceptance Mono-energetic muon source—synergy with muon collider/neutrino factory From the PX muon white paper Rajendran Raja Project-X

20. An Incomplete Menu of World Class Research Targets Enabled by Project-X. continued… Day-1 Experiments Kaon Physics: • K+ gp+nn: >1000 events, Precision rate and form factor. • KL gp0nn: 1000 events, enabled by high flux & precision TOF. • K+ gp0m+n: Measurement of T-violating muon polarization. • K+ g(p,m)+nx: Search for anomalous heavy neutrinos. • KL gp0e+e-: <10% measurement of CP violating amplitude. • KL gp0m+m-: <10% measurement of CP violating amplitude. • K0gX: Precision study of a pure K0 interferometer: Reaching out to the Plank scale (DmK/mK ~ 1/mP) • K0,K+ gLFV: Next generation Lepton Flavor Violation experiments …and more Rajendran Raja Project-X

21. Taking a page from the JPARC hadron hall playbook: One target can serve multiple kaon experiments. Neutral K experiment Charged K experiment From the PX kaon white paper Rajendran Raja Project-X

22. An Incomplete Menu of World Class Research Targets Enabled by Project-X. continued… Day-1 Experiment Nuclear Enabled Particle Physics: • Production of Ra, Rd, Fr isotopes for nuclear edm experiments that are uniquely sensitive to Quark-Chromo and electron EDM’s. Baryon Physics: • pp gS+K0p+ ; S+gp+m+m-(HyperCP anomaly, and other rare S+ decays) • pp gK+L0p+ ; L0 ultra rare decays • L0nL0 oscillations (Project-X operates below anti-baryon threshold) • Neutron EDMs Rajendran Raja Project-X

23. Road to Future Progress: Neutrino Research Program • Strong international community. US community is healthy and growing. • Explicitly engage the Neutrino Factory community to explore and develop a design driven by Project-X—Leads to muon collider • Good opportunities for collaboration and leadership. Rajendran Raja Project-X

24. Road to Future Progress: Muon Research Program • International community active, current Fermilab community is small, but growing with Mu2e and the possibility of (g-2)m. • No conceptual accelerator & beam design yet for driving next-generation mge conversion experiment beyond Mu2e and COMET at JPARC. A PRISM (FFAG) based solution needs further accelerator design work. Interesting synergies with Muon Collider cooling concepts are being explored that would clearly exploit Project-X. • Great opportunities for collaboration and leadership. Rajendran Raja Project-X

25. Road to Future Progress: Kaon Research Program • International community active, Fermilab community is dormant now. Buoyed to some extent now by the US quark flavor physics community—but this community is currently under stress regarding futures. • Excellent basis for 1000-event K+ gp+nnexperiment based on extrapolating techniques developed and demonstrated by BNL E787/E949 experiments. • Good basis for 1000-event KLgp0nnexperiment based on the KOPIO conceptual design developed for the BNL AGS. • Great opportunities for collaboration and leadership. Rajendran Raja Project-X

26. Summary Project-X is a next generation high intensity proton source that will deeply reach for physics beyond the Standard Model and incisively probe of the origins of matter: Neutrinos: An after-burner for LBNE that reduces the tyranny of (Detector-Mass xRunning-time) by x3, and a foundation for a Neutrino Factory. Rare Processes: Game-changing beam power and timing flexibility that can support a broad range of particle physics experiments. Prospects: International collaboration formed, ongoing substantial US (DOE) investments in R&D (Project-X + SRF + ILC) on Super Conducting RF accelerator technology supporting Project-X. Earliest construction start of 2015, operations in 2020. Rajendran Raja Project-X

27. Project-X Rare Processes Research Campus Rajendran Raja Project-X