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5.2 Multiplication Asexuee

5.2 Multiplication Asexuee. Une clone est une copie génétique identique de son parent Beaucoup d’organismes forment des clones naturellement par multiplication asexuée Le clonage est utilisée en agriculture and recherche pour copier des organismes désirés, leurs tissus et gènes

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5.2 Multiplication Asexuee

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  1. 5.2 Multiplication Asexuee • Une clone est une copie génétique identique de son parent • Beaucoup d’organismes forment des clones naturellement par multiplication asexuée • Le clonage est utilisée en agriculture and recherche pour copier des organismes désirés, leurs tissus et gènes Sortes de multiplication asexuée • 1-Scissiparité (anglais: Binary Fission) • 2-Bourgeonnement (anglais: budding) • 3-Fragmentation • 4- multiplication végétative • 5- formation de spores See pages 168 - 175 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  2. Cloning • Humans use all the asexual cloning methods in order toproduce desired results with organisms. This is done in several ways: • Reproductive cloning - purpose is to produce a genetic duplicate of an existing or dead organism. Steps involved: • Remove nucleus from an egg cell • A mammary gland cell is removedfrom an adult female • Electricity fuses mammary and egg cell • Fused cell begins dividing • Dividing embryo is inserted intosurrogate mother (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  3. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  4. Scissiparité- (Fission Binaire) - des organismes unicellulaires comme l’amebe et les bactéries, répliquent leur ADN et se divisent en deux parties égaux. scissiparite explique (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  5. Le bourgeonnement (Budding)– les zones des organismes multicellulaires répètent la mitose pour former un organisme identique. Des bourgeons se détachent pour former un organisme séparé. bourgeonnement hydre (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  6. Fragmentation – une partie d’une organisme se déchire et tombe suite a une blessure, et la partie peut se redévelopper comme une clone de son parent. etoile de mer etoiles de mer next arm hhmi (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  7. Multiplication Végétative– des cellules spécialisés dans les plantes qui développent en structures qui forment des nouvelles plantes identiques au parent (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  8. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  9. Formation des spores - des bactéries, micro-organismes et champignons peuvent former des spores – Le spore est une cellule singulier de reproductions qui peut devenir un nouveau organisme. moississure fungi reproduction champignon (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  10. Multiplication Asexuée Avantages and Désavantages See page 175 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  11. Human Assisted Cloning • Humans use all the asexual cloning methods in order toproduce desired results with organisms. This is done in several ways: • Reproductive cloning - purpose is to produce a genetic duplicate of an existing or dead organism. Steps involved: • Remove nucleus from an egg cell • A mammary gland cell is removedfrom an adult female • Electricity fuses mammary and egg cell • Fused cell begins dividing • Dividing embryo is inserted intosurrogate mother See pages 176 - 177 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  12. Human Assisted Cloning • Therapeutic cloning - purpose is to correct health problems • Very important to therapeutic cloning are stem cells - cells that can become different types of cells • Stem cells can be used to replace cellsdamaged from injuries or disease • Diabetes, spinal injuries, Parkinson’sdisease are only a few that canbenefit from stem cell therapy • Controversial because the beststem cells are from embryos whichare destroyed when harvesting cells Mouse Stem Cells Take the Section 5.2 Quiz See pages 177 - 178 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

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