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“ERA” EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA

“ERA” EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA. TUBITAK, International Cooperation Directorate Ankara, December 2000. History. 2 December 1999: Research Council 18 January 2000: Commission proposed the creation of ERA

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“ERA” EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA

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  1. “ERA”EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA TUBITAK, International Cooperation Directorate Ankara, December 2000

  2. History • 2 December 1999: Research Council • 18 January 2000: Commission proposed the creation of ERA • 23-24 March 2000 Lisbon European Council: Endorsment of ERA project as a central component of the establishment of a European knowledge-based society • 15 June 2000: Research Council meeting to take the necessary steps to make a start on realising project • 18 May 2000: European Parliment supported the ERA project • 4 October 2000: Communication - “Making a Reality of the European Research Area” • 16 November 2000 Council meeting on Research

  3. Research Situation in Europe “Europe might not successfully achieve the transition to a knowledge-based economy, because...” • Average EU research effort 1.8% of EU GDP vs 2.8% in USA, 2.9% in Japan • Increase in gap between total public and private expenditure on research in USA and Europe(60 billion euro in 1998, 12 billion euro in 1992) • Number of researchers only 2.5 in every thousand of industrial workforce in Europe, 6.7‰ in USA, 6‰ in Japan • Trade balance in high-tech products showing a deficit of EUR 20 billion/year in Europe over past ten years

  4. Research Situation in Europe “ If technological progress creates the jobs of tommorrow, it is research which creates the jobs of the day afer tomorrow...” • The number of degree-level European students in USA twice as high as the number of American students at that level in Europe, 50% of Europeans studying for a doctorate in USA, stay there for a long periods or forever. • Research and technology account for 25 to 50% of economic growth: a strong influence on competitiveness and employment and quality of life • Current trends in research having a negative influence on development of employment in Europe in years ahead

  5. What is ERA? “ERA will be a product of a joint effort by EU, its Members and research stakeholders...” • Creation of a frontier-free area for research where scientific resources creating jobs and increasing Europe's competitiveness • A political conceptbetween the Commission, Member States and intergovernmental institutions to build a European scientific community with links with European industry

  6. Aims “R&D is a key factor in competitiveness, employment and the quality of life...” • job creation • economic growth • obtaining maximum innovation benefits from national and EU research • establishing a favorable environment for the creation and development of innovative enterprises

  7. Why is ERA Needed? “Gap between the scientific world and the people at large isgrowing....and the main obstacles in EU are;” • Europe's unfavourable legislative and economic environment • mobility in Europe • absence of S&T references for policy • lack of entrepreneurship in Europe • "brain drain" • shortages of trained Europeans • negative attitude of the European public towards innovation • lack of a sound research policy of Europe

  8. Why is ERA Needed? “Due to recent research situation in Europe, EU needs;” • real complementarity of research policies and programmes at all levels • essential contribution of research to other EU policies (environment, food safety, regional development, or transport) • scientific expertise increasingly needed in practically all policy areas • solutions to problems in use of research results, patenting, intellectual property and associated issues

  9. Why is ERA Needed? ...and EU needs; • to go beyond present static structure: “15 + 1” (15 series of national programmes + Framework Programmes) • to develop a more coherent implementation of the actions of Member States at the national level, of the Union within the Framework Programme and other policy instruments, and of inter-governmental research organisations

  10. Building of a Research Area • Framework programmes : a strategic tool for establishing ERA • Linking FP’s with national activities & intergovermental cooperation initiatives • Decompartmentalization and better integration of Europe’s scientific and technological area • Networking and opening-up by the autorities of national research programmes • Establishment of network of exellence in public and private sector • International and global dimension in European research activities

  11. Building of a Research Area • “Scientific excellence” and “European added value” • Setting up of large-scale targeted projects ( including cluster projects ) particularly in industrial research • Strengthening research infrastructures • Link between research and innovation and the role of SME’s: setting-up of technology based enterprises • Strengthening links between research policies and the needs of society • Strengthening Europe’s human resources for development of a knowledge-based economy

  12. Building of a Research Area “ Three important aspects while creating ERA...” • European scientific and technological cooperation: • better coordination of the activities of various organizations and between those activities and EU activities • Regional dimension: • full use of dynamic and potential of the regions by networking and activities with regard to research, innovation and technology transfer, where common problems. • International dimension: • to fully integrate the countries applying for accessions • to enable European researchers and industry having access to knowledge and technologies produced elsewhere in the world • to mobilise the EU’s scientific and technological capacities

  13. Building of a Research Area “New instruments to be developed...” • A broader programme-based approach • Closer linkage with international structures and organizations for scientific cooperation (e.g. COST, EUREKA, ESF, etc.) • Synergies with national research funding bodies • Strategic projects • Extension of activities in training and mobility or optimising infrastructures

  14. “ERA”SPECIFIC THEMES OF ACTION TUBITAK, International Cooperation Directorate Ankara, December 2000

  15. 1. A Stock of Material Resource and Facilities Optimised at the European Level 1.1 Networking of centres of excellence and creation of virtual centres: • centres of excellence:where research and technological development (RTD) performed at a very high, often world-class level • mapping of European centres of excellence for better transparency in this area • creation of “virtual centres of excellence”: electronic networks involving universities and companies • financing plan for centers of excellence on the basis of competition between public and private research operators

  16. 1. A Stock of Material Resource and Facilities Optimised at the European Level 1.2 Defining a European approach to research infrastructures • large-scale infrastructuresat European level: a central role in the progress and application of knowledge in Europe(for example radiation sources, computer centres and databases on molecular biology) • analysis of responsibilities as regards creation, operation and access : Financial responsibilities and developing a European approach for creation of new installations & functioning the existing facilities • assesment of needs to be met at European level (including joint services) • establishment of a framework for discussion

  17. 1. A Stock of Material Resource and Facilities Optimised at the European Level 1.3 Better use of potential offered by electronic networks • virtual laboratories, remote operation of instruments, quasi-unlimited access to complex databases(for example, World Wide Web developed by a CERN researcher, to cover the needs of physicists) • awareness-raising and training campaigns for researchers • e-Europe initiative at the Helsinki Summitto promote maximum use of these networks by the community of researchers • telematic network at larger capacity levels: • 34 Mbits/s, 155 Mbits/s now, and soon 622 Mbits/s, the ultimate objective being to achive several Gbits/s

  18. 2. More Coherent Use of Public Instruments and Resources 2.1 More co-ordinated implementation of national and European research programmes (Concerted actions) • adoption of the principle of reciprocal opening-up of national programmes; extended to include applicant countries • establishment of information exchange mechanisms on the objectives and content of national programmes • support for initiatives to evaluate national activities by international panels 2.2 Closer relations between European organisations for scientific and technological co-operation • cooperation between EU research programmes and organizations like ESF, ESA, EMBO, EMBL, CERN, ESO, ESRF, ILL, EUREKA, COST • Council of senior officials for political consultation between these organisations

  19. 3. More Dynamic Private Investment 3.1 Better use of instruments or indirect support to research • to stimulate private investment in research and development • to create researcher and technician posts in companies • development of user-friendly information systemson existing media • the exchange and spread of good practicesto stimulate private investment in research, particularly among SMEs, and innovation 3.2 Development of effective tools to protect intellectual property • national patents valid only in the Member States, costly system as an obstacle to widespread use of patents in Europe • creation of a standard Community patent to cover all of the European territory • greater consistency of the intellectual property systems used in public research programmes

  20. 3. More Dynamic Private Investment 3.3 Encouragement of the creation of companies and risk capital investment • creation of spin-offs from universities and development of incubators for technology companies(high tech companies by researchersand low a level of risk capital investment in high-tech sectors) • finacing of initiatives by companies and industrial associations, national innovation programmes and European Investment Bank and EUREKA • Initiatives be encouraged to bring scientisits, industrialist and financiers at all levels into contact: “Investment Forum” “national research centres and the JRC have joined forces to provide innovative start-up companies with the technical support and expertise they need to develop...”

  21. 4. A Common System of Scientific and Technical Reference for Policy Implementation 4.1 Developing the research needed for political decisions • science and technology in the policy-making process, trade negotiations and international discussions • alignment of research on the major concerns of the individual and the decision-makers(environmental protection, food safety and chemical products or nuclear safety) 4.2Establishment of a common system of scientific and technical reference • the JRC’s significant role in the development of a European scientific and technical reference area • establishment of a common system of reference at Union level by aligning methods, harmonising procedures and comparing results

  22. 5. More Abundant and More Mobile Human Resources 5.1 Greater mobility of researchers in Europe • well-known way of training researchers and spreading knowledge • an instrument of information and technology transfer • cooperation between the academic world and the business world 5.2 Introduction of a European dimension into scientific careers • establishing a career prospects for researchers from other European countries 5.3 Greater place and role for women in research • implementation of the “Women in Science” action plan 5.4 Giving the young a taste for research and careers in science • better teaching of science

  23. 6. A Dynamic European Landscape, Open and Attractive to Researchers and Investment 6.1 A reinforced role for the regions in the European research effort • establishing the best ways of tranferring knowledge to the economic sector at regional level • benchmarkingof activities and measures undertaken to encourage research 6.2 Integration of the scientific communities of western and eastern Europe • association of applicant countries in the Fifth Framework Programme for research • improving research capacities of the countries for accession 6.3 Making Europe attractive to researchers from the rest of the world • creation of a system of grants for scientists from third countries • maximizing science and technology cooperation agreements between EU and third countries

  24. 7. An Area of Shared Values 7.1 Tackling the questions of science and society in their European dimension • a model of society: combination of a market economy, a high level of social protection and quality of life and a number of principles, such as free access to knowledge • a greater coherence of foresigth exercise on “science/society” questions: technology/work relations or the principal options in terms of energy, environment and health • dialogue between researchers, citizensi experts, industrial managers and political decision makers 7.2 Development of a shared vision of the ethical issues of science and technology • comparision of criteria used in national and European programmes with the prospect of convergence around common principles while repecting cultural and moral differences

  25. Criteria and Priorities “Two aspects to the question of selecting and justifying EU research activities...” • Public benefit • European added value Research Priorities • “post-genome” and into major illnesses • nanotechnologies • to develop the information society • in the aeronautical and space sectors where there is considerable world competition • European policymaking in areas characterized by the presence of strong uncertainties and risks (“precaution principles”) • sustainable development model in the broadest sense

  26. Precaution Principles “ Precaution principles is a part of risk assessment and decision-making. Deciding what is an acceptable level of risk for scoiety is a political decision...” When to act? • reliable information making it possible to identify the potentially dangerous effects of a phenomenon, product or procedure • scientific uncertainty making it impossible to correctly assess the potential risks for consumers How to act? • collection of all available information and performing the fullest possible scientific assessment by identifying the missing data, hypotheses to compensate for the lack of data and the inevitable uncertainties • conclusions of evaluation as grounds for deciding to rely on the precautionary principle

  27. Concluding Remarks • Spin-offs from research such as action on patents and easier access to risk capital • Benchmarking research to allow industry and people to compare different countries’ levels of expertise • More large scale targeted projects • Long term research projects • Network of excellence in all areas • Bringing all stakeholders together • Collective research projects carried out for the benefit of many SMEs • JRCs’ efforts focusing on activites in scientific and technical support of the Community polices and European policymaking

  28. Concluding Remarks • Dual use research: applications in both civil and defence sector • Impact of measures on the whole research system: Public and private research systems • Complementary perspectives of Framework Programme and other intergovermental programmes (EUREKA,COST, etc.) : Societal concerns and policy exercises in education, science and technology as well as market oriented requirements open to globalization • Link between 6th Framework Programme and ERA

  29. Next Stages Proposals/analyses on following themes: • in parallel with 4October 2000, guidelines paper • a European space strategy • benchmarking methodology and indicators (working papers) • science, society and citizen • by 31 December 2000 • research infrastructures • mapping of excellence (working paper) • in first half of 2001 • human resource and mobility • regional dimension • opening up to the rest of the world

  30. ASSESSMENT OF FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES“Comments of the Commission on the conclusion of the RTD Framework Programmes 5Year-AssessmentOctober 19th 2000, COM(2000) 659 final” TUBITAK, International Cooperation Directorate Ankara, December 2000

  31. Framework Programme “Framework Programme alone will not be enough to serve the goals set at Lisbon...” • as tool to achieve the aims of the ERA • only 5% of public spending on research in the EU • the refocusing of European research programmes on problem solving • Sixth Framework Programmehaving same prioritieswith ERA; mobility of researchers or the networking of centres of excellence and infrastructures

  32. Recommendations “...but the scope of the Framework Programme should also be increased in line with the need to meet the Lisbon goals and the demands of enlargement..” • increasing the percentage of GDP spent in Europe on RTD to at least 3% over the next ten years • maintaining the emphasis on social relevance and continuing to use Key Actions as a way of focusing programmes • collaborative RTD projects • emphasising excellence and the participation of leading-edge researchers • encouraging participants to propose “riskier”projects • encouraging the mobility of researchers within the EU and between the EU and elsewhere

  33. Recommendations • retaining support for generic, competence-building RTD activities • re-engineering existing structures and procedures • more flexible, expanded Framework programme • keeping the distinction between key actions and generic research within strategic RTD programmes • promoting large scale and long term projects in Framework (EU contribution of EUR 700.000 on average for the 4th Framework Programme: 1.7 million for the 5th Framework Programme; small scale and short duration) • the promotion of private sector expenditure on RTD • increasing the support for SME’s innovation and research efforts at regional and national level

  34. Improving Candidate Countries’ Participation in Framework Programme “A political consensus on the need of a global coherent action of all actors involved to result in the full integration of candidate countries into the ERA...” • The support of CCs involvement in the preparation and implementation of FP6 and ERA • Low CCs national spending on RTD (GERD/GDP ratio): The increase of this ratio to 1% as a goal • Restrictions in CCs legislative systems (making financing of cross-border co-operation very difficult, oblige industry to pay value added tax when participating in FP5 projects etc.) • The recommendations of existing evaluations of CCS national RTD systems • Development of regional innovation system

  35. Improving Candidate Countries’ Participation in Framework Programme • Co-funding by the Commission of RTD infrastructure capacity building (big investment) • Assistance programmes for RTD for integration/synergy with Community policy • Support for use of European Research facilities • Actions to support a wider range of institutions having potential to become excellent and networking of centres of excellence • Necessity of strategic research aiming at the readjustment of Science policy • Support of innovative SMEs • Establishment of venture capital

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