Teletranslation Context : An Infrastructural Shift

1. Information Society Industrial Society Internet and computer-mediated communication with digital media Physical transportation and face-to-face communication with print media Today’s Transitional Society Paradigm of Translation Paradigm of Teletranslation TeletranslationContext : An Infrastructural Shift

2. text for paper-based circulation • wordprocessing • asynchronous • no engineering input • after-thought Conventional Translation

3. Teletranslation • Processing of text in electronic form • Asynchronous and synchronous text • Computer and network-assisted translation with a range of tools • Engineering inputs • Adaptation of non-textual elements • Translation foregrounded in design of the content

4. message message COMPUTER Sender Receiver TRANSLATOR message in source language message in target language Sender Receiver TMC & CMC • Translation-mediated communication (TMC) • Computer-mediated communication (CMC)

5. multimodal HYPERREALITY e.g. video game HYPERTEXT non-linear text e.g. web site TEXT Levels of dimensions Changing nature of translation content linear text

6. HYPERTEXT TEXT Changing nature of translation content non-linear text e.g. web site linear text • Retention of format (e.g. HTML/XML) • High-volume perishable text • Frequent micro changes • Adaptation of icons, images, layout….

7. Applications of TranslationTechnology • Speed - Online MT for information jisting - TM for repetitive & frequently updated text • Quality - TMS/TM for consistent use of terminology - Corpus tools for domain-specific knowledge - CL checker for SL text control (HOCL & MOCL) • Price - TM to pay once for the same sentence - Global online tendering of translation jobs - Internet-based free amateur translation

8. The Internet and Human Translation • The Internet as a research tool for HT • Access to the author of the source text • Text in various domains • Mailing list as translator knowledge-base • Vast number of terminology sources • Image search for cultural knowledge gap • Speech search (Web radio to check pronunciation)

9. The Internet and Human Translation • The Internet as a business interface for HT • Access to potential customers via Web • - Own Web site • - Translators’ mailinglist • - Translator portals • - e-Agencies

10. The Internet and Human Translation • The Internet as a business interface for HT • Access to potential customers via Translator’s mailinglist • e-goups on Yahoo http://www.groups.yahoo.com/

11. The Internet and Human Translation • The Internet as a business interface for HT • Access to potential customers via Translation portals • Trados http://www.translationzone.com/ • Logos http://www.logos.it/lang/transl_it.html

12. The Internet and Human Translation • The Internet as a business interface for HT • e-Agencies • Aquarius http://www.aquarius.net/ • ProZ.com http://www.ProZ.com • TransMart http://www.trans-mart.net

14. The Internet and Human Translation • Shared knowledge and skills • Networked Translation Memory • Wiki-based collaborative translation • Wiki: a web application to allow any user to edit the content; collaborative software used to create such a website (Wikipedia)

15. Teletranslation • Digital literacy • - understanding the nature of the content (medium) • Integration with engineering process • - workflow • Adaptation of non-textual elements and international design • - explicit intercultural knowledge • Synchronous production • - dealing with unstable source content • Impact of collaboration

16. Receiver TRANSLATOR message in source language message in target language Sender Translatability editor Teletranslation Issues: Implication of Internationalisation

17. Teletranslation Issues: Implication of Internationalisation • How to quantify ‘translatability’ of both textual and non-textual elements • What skills will be needed for a ‘translatability’ editor? • How to design the optimum internationalisation

18. Teletranslation Issues: Experiments with “chat” modes • How does a new platform affect the whole process of language mediation? • Is it doable by human translators/interpreters? • If not doable, what is the problem? • What elements will make the process easier? • What new skills or knowledge will be needed?

19. RECIPIENT in USA SENDER in Japan J J Keyboard entry in Romanized Japanese J Romanized Japanese displayed on all participants' screens, including transterpreter TRANSTERPRETER in New Zealand J E J J E English translation displayed on screen Transterpreter reads Japanese and types English Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 1

20. Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” results • The process of language mediation was affected by the nature of the platform in use • It is possible to transterpret for Japanese/ English but not Chinese/English • Transterpreter/participants ratio affects in a chat environment in the performance of transterpreting • Multi-channel communication makes it easier

21. Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 2 MS ComicChat: Interactive chat environment

22. Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 2 MS ComicChat: Interactive chat environment

23. Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 3 ActiveWorlds: Interactive chat environment with avatars

24. Teletranslation Issues: Experiment results • Nonverbal communication may need to be translated/interpreted explicitly • Language mediator may begin to use nonverbal cues more often and explicitly • Translating and interpreting may become merged by way of multi-tasking • Language mediator may start to take on the role of communication manager