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Introduction

Introduction. System Administrator?. 系統管理員 不只是IT 管理別人/大家使用的系統 http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/12/27/1040511172494.html. 工作內容. 裝機設定/更新 讓機器 /系統不要掛 找問題 引進並整合新科技 寫文件 未雨綢繆 - 防災演練 資 訊 安 全. 工作需求. 能力傾向 (aptitude) 快速上手複雜的東西 掌握東西如何運作 小心行事 把東西搞爆了可以很快救回來 溝通技巧 品德操守. 參考資料.

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction

  2. System Administrator? • 系統管理員 • 不只是IT • 管理別人/大家使用的系統 • http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/12/27/1040511172494.html

  3. 工作內容 • 裝機設定/更新 • 讓機器/系統不要掛 • 找問題 • 引進並整合新科技 • 寫文件 • 未雨綢繆 - 防災演練 • 資訊安全

  4. 工作需求 • 能力傾向 (aptitude) • 快速上手複雜的東西 • 掌握東西如何運作 • 小心行事 • 把東西搞爆了可以很快救回來 • 溝通技巧 • 品德操守

  5. 參考資料 • Unix and Linux System Administration Handbook • Essential System Administration (O'Reilly) • http://people.cs.nctu.edu.tw/~huanghs/course/sysadm2011/ • http://www.washington.edu/R870/ (有點舊) • 我們絕對講不完!!

  6. UNIX Basics

  7. Linux vs *BSD • 教派問題 • 沒有誰比較好 • 發展模式不同 • 中央集權 • 各自為政

  8. BSD • FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, .... • Developed by Berkeley(B -> Berkeley) • Kernel + base + boot loader + .... • Ports/Packages

  9. Linux • Kernel • Distributions • Debian/Ubuntu • Redhat/CentOS/Fedora • SUSE • Slackware • Gentoo • Mostly packages

  10. Root is God • Root can do anything • Almighty • Root can do anything • Protect it well • Be careful what you do • Always logout • Never login as root

  11. Everything is a file • Types • Regular • Directories • Links • Specials (devices) • Sockets • Pipes • Similar interface for everything

  12. Trees Everywhere • Paths starts from / (root) • Processes start from init (PID 1)

  13. File System Structure • / Root • /home User homes • /dev Device files • /bin Basic programs • /lib* Basic libraries • /sbin Basic system programs • /usr Programs/libraries • /var System data storage • /proc Process states • /sys System states • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard

  14. File Permissions • rwx Octal (八進位) • r - 4 - read • w - 2 - write • x - 1 - execute / search rwx = 4+2+1 = 7 r-x = 4+1 = 5

  15. File Permissions rwxrwxrwx 1 wens wens 182 Jun 28 16:13 test.c Others Group User

  16. File Permissions • Owner • Group • Others Check the first matching type only Check complete path

  17. Path vs Inode • Path point in FS to access file • Inode actual file • Multiple paths can point to same file • Hard link • Share metadata

  18. Inode • Metadata about a file • Permissions • Dates • Size • ... • Points to disk blocks with content

  19. Basic Commands Know them well

  20. Command Prompt Normal user $ _ Fancy wens@linux1:/home$ _ Root # _ Comment (in this document) ##

  21. File/Directory ops • cd • mkdir • rm • mv • ln • cp • chown • chgrp • chmod

  22. man • Manual • Manpages notated as cp(1) • 1 is section ## Lookup “cp” $ man cp ## to be precise $ man 1 cp ## to search for “XXX” $ man -k XXX

  23. su • Switch user $ su root ## Enter root password $ su ta217 ## Enter ta217 password

  24. sudo • Switch user and do something • More controlled • Enter your password $ sudo ls Enter your password run "ls" as root

  25. ps • List processes • man ps for all options $ ps $ ps aux

  26. find • find something $ find /home -name wens ## search for file "wens" under /home $ find /home -exec ls -l {} \; ## search for files in /home and runls -l {file}for each one

  27. xargs • Run a command with a list as arguments $ find | xargs ls –l # Similar to last find example

  28. grep • Look for lines in files containing a pattern • Regular expressions! $ grep printf *.c ## look for lines in all .c files with printf

  29. df • Disk Free • How much space is free? $ df $ df /home

  30. du • Disk Usage • How much space is something using? $ du hello.c ## How large is hello.c $ du ~ ## How large are the files in my home? $ du -s ~ ## How large (total) is my home?

  31. vi • Vi/Vim • Text editor $ vim $ vim hello.c $ vimtutor ## Tutorial!!

  32. Vim modes • Command mode commands (duh) • Insert mode type and see • Visual mode selection

  33. Vim key commands • d - delete from here to... • c - change from here to... • x - delete 1 (delete key) • X - delete 1 (backspace) • y - copy from here to... • p - paste here • P - paste before here • r - replace • dd - delete line • yy - copy line • /XXX - search for XXX

  34. Vim commands • :e xxx- open xxx • :e! xxx - open xxx without saving • :w - save • :w xxx- save as xxx • :q - quit • :q!- quit without saving Combine! • :wq - save and quit

  35. 回家練習 Vimtutor 工作站上熟悉指令(chown, chgrp, su, sudo除外)

  36. 作業 最後一堂課是經驗分享/Q&A 你想聽什麼?

  37. 大家12月見

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