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KEY CONCEPT Living in a clean environment and building immunity help keep a person healthy.

KEY CONCEPT Living in a clean environment and building immunity help keep a person healthy. Many methods are used to control pathogens. Antibiotics and antiseptics cause pathogens to burst. do not target specific pathogens examples include vinegar and soap

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KEY CONCEPT Living in a clean environment and building immunity help keep a person healthy.

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  1. KEY CONCEPTLiving in a clean environment and building immunity help keep a person healthy.

  2. Many methods are used to control pathogens. • Antibiotics and antiseptics cause pathogens to burst.

  3. do not target specific pathogens • examples include vinegar and soap • Antibiotics kill pathogens inside the body. • target one specific bacterium or fungus • not effective against viruses • Antiseptics kill pathogens outside of the body.

  4. A bacterium carriesgenes for antibioticresistance on a plasmid. A copy of the plasmid is transferredthrough conjugation. Resistance is quicklyspread throughmany bacteria. • Antibiotic resistance can cause medicines to become ineffective. • Some bacteria in a population have genes that make them immune to antibiotics. • These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics useless.

  5. Vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity. • Vaccines also control pathogens and disease. • given to prevent illness • contain the antigen of a weakened pathogen

  6. Antigens in a vaccinetrigger an immune response, and memory B cells are made. 1 memory B cells 2 A memory B cell isstimulated when the real pathogen binds to it. The B cell quickly activates and makes antibodies that fight the pathogens before you get sick. 3 • Vaccination provides immunity. • stimulates a specific immune response • causes memory cells to be produced • allows immune system to respond quickly to infection • has such a fast response, a person will not get sick

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