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Process Skills Questions

Learn how to make accurate observations, classify organisms, and identify properties in science. Includes practice questions and activities.

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Process Skills Questions

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  1. Process Skills Questions 4/8/LE

  2. Observing

  3. 4 • The diagram shows four blocks on a balance beam. All four blocks have the same mass. • 38 Give one observation that shows side A has more mass on it. [1]

  4. 4 • 39 The diagrams below show a dog and a fish. • Identify two body structures the fish has that the dog does not have. [2] • (1) __________ • (2) __________

  5. 8 • A student is given a ruler and a hand lens and asked to make observations and inferences about a rock sample collected on a field trip. The student wrote the nine statements below. • 1. The rock is mostly gray with white speckles on the outside surface. • 2. When acid is placed on the rock, a bubbling reaction occurs at the white speckles. • 3. The white speckles are probably the mineral calcite. • 4. The rock probably formed in a water environment. • 5. The rock measures 4 cm wide, 8 cm long, and 2 cm thick. • 6. Fossil shells embedded in the rock can be seen with a hand lens. • 7. If the rock is broken with a hammer, it will probably contain more fossil shells within its interior. • 8. The rock has a smooth surface. • 9. The smooth surface is most likely the result of weathering and erosion over many years. • 77 List the numbers of the five student statements that are observations. [1]

  6. 8 • 73 The diagram below shows a one-celled organism reproducing. This is an example of asexual reproduction. What information in the diagram supports this statement? [1]

  7. LE • 50 Fill in all of the blanks in parts 2 and 3 of the dichotomous key below, so that it contains information that could be used to identify the four animals shown below. [2] • Dichotomous Key • 1. a. Leg present……………………… Go to 2 • b. Legs not present…………………… Go to 3 • Characteristic Organism • 2. a. _____________ ........... _____________ • b. _____________ ........... _____________ • 3. a. _____________ ........... _____________ • b. _____________ ........... _____________

  8. LE • 78 Describe what will happen to red onion cells in a wet-mount slide when a saltwater solution is added to them. [1]

  9. Classifying

  10. 4 • 32 Identify property C. [1] __________ • 33 Identify property D. [1] __________

  11. 4 • 34 The blocks can be sorted based on the property of shape. The two boxes below are labeled Triangles and Not Triangles. Sort the blocks by writing the letter of each block in the box where it belongs. [1] • 35 Identify the property used to sort all of the blocks into the two groups shown below. [1] Property: _____________________

  12. 8 • 4 The diagram below shows two different organisms, a dog and a cat. • Which phrase best describes the classification of • these two organisms? • (1) same kingdom, same species • (2) same kingdom, different species • (3) different kingdoms, different species • (4) different kingdoms, same species

  13. 8 • 55 List two structures that are found in both plant and animal cells. [1] • (1) ______________________________ • (2) ______________________________

  14. LE • 34 Which model best represents the relationship between a cell, a nucleus, a gene, and a chromosome?

  15. LE • 35 A researcher recently discovered a new species of bacteria in the body of a tubeworm living near a hydrothermal vent. He compared the DNA of this new bacterial species to the DNA of four other species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of all four species. According to these data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to • (1) species I (3) species III • (2) species II (4) species IV

  16. Measuring

  17. 4 • 35 The diagram below shows a Fahrenheit thermometer in a classroom. • What is the air temperature shown on the thermometer? [1] • _________ °F

  18. 4 • 36 A student uses a pan balance to compare the masses of an orange, an apple, and a pear. Using the same orange, the student compared its mass to the mass of the pear and then to the mass of the apple. The results are shown in the diagrams below. In the spaces below, list the three fruits in order from the least mass to the greatest mass. [1]

  19. 8 • 21 Which instrument could be used to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?

  20. 8 • 57 The diagram below shows a rock being placed in a graduated cylinder containing water. • What is the volume of the rock? Note: 1 mL = 1 cm3. [1] • ___________ cm3

  21. LE • 31 What is the approximate length of the earthworm shown in the diagram below? • (1) 9 mm (3) 10.6 cm • (2) 90 mm (4) 106 cm

  22. LE • 31 A laboratory procedure calls for heating 50 milliliters of a sugar solution to 60°C. Which piece of laboratory equipment will not be needed? • (1) protective eyewear • (2) ruler • (3) thermometer • (4) graduated cylinder

  23. Inferring

  24. 16 The sunrise and sunset times for three days in February are recorded in the chart below. • Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on this information? • A There are more hours of daylight as the month goes by. • B There are fewer hours of daylight as the month goes by. • C The Sun rises later as the month goes by. • D The Sun sets earlier as the month goes by.

  25. 4 • 35 A student hung three wet shirts in the sun to dry, shirts A, B, and C. The student predicted that shirt B would dry the fastest. The data table below shows the results. • Drying Time of Shirts • Do the results agree with the prediction that shirt B would dry fastest? • Circle one: Yes No • Use the data in the table to explain your answer. [1]

  26. 8 • During an experiment, a strip of magnesium (Mg) metal wrapped around a nichrome (nonreactive) wire is placed in a flask. The nichrome wire outside the flask is insulated. The contents of the flask are sealed off from the environment with a rubber stopper. When the nichrome wire is connected to a battery, an electric current passes through the wire, causing a white powder called magnesium oxide (MgO) to form. • 16 The flask and its contents had a mass of 120 grams before the experiment and a mass of 120 grams after the experiment. Which conclusion can best be made from these measurements? • (1) A phase change took place. (3) Matter was conserved. • (2) Energy was destroyed. (4) New elements were formed.

  27. 8 • 37 The diagram below shows the life cycle of a liver fluke. • This diagram shows that the liver fluke • (1) depends on other organisms for survival (3) completes its life cycle in the snail • (2) dies when it enters the fish (4) survives at very high temperatures

  28. LE • 13 When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that • (1) the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance • (2) the bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics • (3) some of the bacteria learned how to resist the antibiotics • (4) antibiotics have become weaker over the years

  29. LE • 21 What will most likely occur if two different plant species compete for the same requirements in an ecosystem? • (1) They will usually develop different requirements. • (2) One species may adapt to a different environment. • (3) One species may be eliminated from that ecosystem. • (4) They will alter the environment so that they can both survive in that ecosystem.

  30. Predicting

  31. 4 • 12 A student measured the volume of water in a pan. The student boiled the water for thirty minutes and then measured the volume of the water again. The volume of water most likely • A decreased • B increased • C remained the same

  32. 4 • 29 The data table below shows the height of a bean plant over a three-month period. The height of the plant is recorded in centimeters (cm). • If the pattern shown continues, the height of the plant in June will be • A 6 cm • B 12 cm • C 14 cm • D 19 cm

  33. 8 • 58 The table below lists four changes to the materials in the diagram. Will the changes cause the distance the wooden platform moves to decrease, increase, or remain the same? For each change in the left column, circle your answer in the right column. [3]

  34. 8 • 73 What would happen to the metal paper clip if the string were cut? [1] • 74 Explain how this diagram would be different if the paper clip was made of plastic. [1]

  35. LE • A park with a small lake is home to a population of ducks. The building of a housing complex eliminates a nearby pond. Soon other ducks and waterbirds like geese and egrets come to live at this small lake. • 58 Predict one way the new populations of birds may affect the populations of plants that live in and around the lake. [1]

  36. LE • 33 The diagram below represents a species of bee that helps one type of orchid plant reproduce by carrying pollen on structure X from one orchid flower to another. Pollination by this species of bee is the only way the orchid can reproduce. If this bee species dies out, this orchid species would most likely • (1) cease to exist • (2) find another animal to carry the pollen • (3) flower at a different time of year • (4) develop another way to reproduce

  37. Communicating

  38. 4 • 38 Complete the chart below by describing one way that some trees respond to each change in season listed. [2]

  39. 4 • 40 Diagrams A and B below show the same bar magnet attracting the same • paper clip from two different distances. • Explain why the bar magnet attracts the paper clip with more force in diagram B than in diagram A. [1]

  40. 8 80 Use the data in the table to construct a line graph on the grid below. Using an X for each point, plot the data for the age and average height of females. Connect the Xs with a line. [2]

  41. 8 • 46 The locations for August 29 through September 5 have been plotted on the hurricane tracking chart. • Plot the five remaining locations of Hurricane Betsy shown on the data table by following the directions below. • a Place an X for each remaining location of Hurricane Betsy from September 6 through September 10. [1] • b Label each X with the appropriate date. [1] • c Connect the Xs using straight lines to show the continuing path of Hurricane Betsy. [1]

  42. LE • 51 In the space below, sketch a chemical molecule that might be released from nerve • cell A and be recognized and bind to area I of nerve cell B. [1]

  43. LE • 60 A population of bats feeds on flying insects. Some of these bats have a gene that results in much stronger flight muscles than those of the other bats in the area. Explain how this variation could lead to evolutionary change within this species of bat. In your answer, be sure to include an explanation of: • competition within the bat population [1] • survival of various individuals within the bat population [1] • how the frequency of the trait for stronger flight muscles would be expected to • change within the bat population over time [1]

  44. Extras

  45. 4 • 16 The diagram below shows several objects. • Which objects in the picture are nonliving? • A tree and rope • B tire and rope • C grass and tire • D grass and tree

  46. 4 • 40 A scientist studied a population of deer in an area. One year later, half of the deer population had moved to another area. Identify two factors that might have caused the deer to move. [2] • (1) __________________________ • (2) __________________________

  47. 4 • 17 Apple trees can live for many years, but bean plants usually live for only a few months. This statement suggests that • A different plants have different life spans • B plants depend on other plants • C plants produce many offspring • D seasonal changes help plants grow

  48. 8 • 38 The diagram below shows water being heated in a flask. The flask has a rubber stopper with a glass tube extending through it. The current level of the water in the glass tube is indicated. The temperature of the water is 25°C. If heating continues, the water in the glass tube will most likely • (1) turn into a solid • (2) become more dense • (3) move into the flask • (4) rise higher in the tube

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