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Elves , Sprites & Gnomes

Elves , Sprites & Gnomes. Atmospheric Transient Luminous Events Optical counterpart of upper atmosphere electromagnetic phenomena Reports on strange and elusive light sources from Aircraft pilots for many years (UFOs included) First measurement in 1990 Dedicated programs since 1995

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Elves , Sprites & Gnomes

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  1. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes • Atmospheric Transient Luminous Events • Optical counterpart of upper atmosphere electromagnetic phenomena • Reports on strange and elusive light sources from Aircraft pilots for many years(UFOs included) • First measurement in 1990 • Dedicated programs since 1995 • EUSO proposal • From space 2000-2002 • Extreme Upper atmosphere Space Observatory ? • Can ULTRA/BABY Contribute ? Open discussion Didier Lebrun

  2. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes • Upper atmosphere flashes • Electrical discharges from 20 km to 100 km • From CLOUDS to “AIRGLOW” • N2 fluorescence highly concerned • Usually observed in N2(1P) band • Also in 2P and N2+(1N) • EUSO Background and/or study • Few milliseconds duration (shorter sprites ?) • Frequency ? • Terrestrial Gamma Ray Bursts Didier Lebrun

  3. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes Electro-Magnetic Pulse E “bad” vacuum ~ Paschen law C-G Lightning Also: Schumann resonances Didier Lebrun

  4. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes Plasma tube Discharge “zoology” ELF : Reflected Extreme Low Frequency Radio signals ELVES: Emission of Light and VLF perturbations due to EMP Sources Didier Lebrun

  5. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes Frequency Estimation from Ground, Aircraft, Balloon, Shuttle observations & relative frequency with + CG storm lightning 1 / second. World wide In EUSO : 1.8*e / revolution MEIDEX on Shuttle Didier Lebrun

  6. Lightnings Didier Lebrun

  7. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes N2 fluorescence Didier Lebrun

  8. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes N2 fluorescence • “Colour” characterizes energetics • NUV and Blue • 1N+/2P ~ 1 Lightning • 1N+/2P ~ 2 Sprite • 1N+/2P ~ 3 Elf • “Colour” characterizes age • Blue (<100ms-1 ms) to Red (~1-10 ms) • Longer than 100 ms for Blue Jets Didier Lebrun

  9. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes Luminosity Estimated energy transfer to upper Atmosphere 1 GJ /event Observed by UAF95 and EXL98 in 400-700nm 1.8 1023 Photons / Sprite Didier Lebrun

  10. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes Runaway model Didier Lebrun

  11. Elves, Sprites & Gnomes g Ray Bursts CGRO/BATSE Didier Lebrun

  12. EUSO/ULTRA ? • Many programs worldwide • Space missions on Shuttle, ISS and free • Example : CNES LSO, DEMETER, TARANIS… • Link to optical airglow survey • “Gravity waves” • Earthquake precursors • Ground Observation ? • What in 2009 ? Didier Lebrun

  13. Earth- Atmosphere-Ionosphere Interaction • Electrical balance & Energy transfer (global warming) • Chemical aspects (Ozone,,NO formation) • Meteo • Geophysics volcanoes and earthquakes • …..Defense (world wide survey, • Sun-Earth interaction and planetary science • Role of cosmic rays as a seed Didier Lebrun

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