To whoever is watching this…

1. To whoever is watching this… Hello you. Yeah, Hi, it’s Becca. You are watching my PowerPoint. Which is pretty cool. However, this being my PowerPoint, there are a few rules. • Rule Number ONE: FOLLOW MYHYPERLINKS • Rule Number TWO: USE MY BACK BUTTONS Yeah, so, everything should work. That’s all.

2. invasive, endangered, and reintroduced species of pennsylvania By: Becca Goldscheitter

3. Table of Contents

4. Endangered Species Endangered Species: A species that is so small that there is a chance of extinction

5. 5 of the Most Common Reasons for Endangerment

6. What can be done to prevent Endangerment • Stop habitat destruction • Plant trees

7. 3 Endangered Animals • Peregrine Falcon • Indiana Bat • Northern Flying Squirrel CLICK CLICK

8. Peregrine Falcon Reasons of endangerment: DDT and other pesticides make eggs shells thin Habitat is destroyed

9. Indiana Bat Reasons of endangerment: Females cross highways up to eight times in one night (so they get ran over…) Humans enter hibernation places

10. Northern Flying Squirrel Reasons of endangerment: Loss of habitat Has to compete for places to live and food sources Southern flying squirrel carries a disease that is lethal to northern flying squirrel

11. 2 Endangered Plants Virginia Mallow Northeastern Bulrush Click on the pictures…

12. Virginia Mallow Reasons of endangerment: grows in heavily occupied, construction-prone areas multi-flora rose invades habitat

13. NortheasternBulrush Reasons of endangerment: People are filling/ditching in their habitat (wetland) Water pollution – Northern Bulrush either lives in deep water, few inches of water, or near a pond’s edge.

14. Invasive Species • Native, Introduced, and Invasive Species • 5 Common ways of Emigration • 4 Common ways Invasive Species Negatively Affect our Environments • 3 Invasive Animals • 2 Invasive Plants

15. Native, Introduced, and Invasive Species

16. 5 Common ways invasive species get into our country

17. 4 Common ways Invasive Species Negatively Affect our Environments They…

18. 3 Invasive Animals • Zebra Mussel • Brown Marmorated Stink Bug • Snakehead Fish CLICK CLICK CLICK

19. Comes from: Eastern Europe and Western Asia Niche in natural environment: • Exploit their ability to attach to a “hard substrate” Niche in introduced environment: Filter feeder Zebra Mussel (Dreissenapolymorpha) Problems they cause: Clog “water intake structures” –pipes, and screens Heavily colonize buoys, walls, boats, and beaches Decrease the amount of food available for fish by filtering plankton and particles in the water

20. Problems they cause: • (Oh, where should I even begin!) • They… • ruin crops • annoy people • are hard to kill without squishing, which makes a gross smell. Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorphahalys) Baby stink bugs… Comes from: China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, Niche in natural environment: Attacked fruits such as peaches, figs, and persimmons Niche in introduced environment: Huge pests, ruining all sorts of crops

21. Problems that they cause: • They… • prey on native species • will eat anything Snakehead Fish (Channaargus) Comes from:China, Russia, and Korea Niche in natural habitat: Preys on native species Niche in introduced habitat: compete for habitat

22. 2 Invasive Plants Sycamore maple Porcelain-berry Click on the pictures…

23. Problems it causes: Produces so many little trees that it is hard for native tree species to live Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) Comes from: Europe and western Asia Niche in native environment: Competes with other trees for habitats Niche in introduced environment: Competes with other trees for habitats

24. Problems it causes: • Spreads fast and takes over both forests and open habitats • Steals habitats of native plants Porcelain-berry(Ampelopsis brevipedunculata) Comes from: China, Korea, Japan, and far east Russia Niche in native environment: Used for bedding and landscaping Niche in introduced environment: Used for bedding and landscaping

25. Reintroduced/Extirpated Species • Definitions • 1 Reintroduced Species

26. Definitions

27. 1 Reintroduced Species: American Elk (Cervuselaphus) In Pennsylvania, the last reported elk was shot in 1867 The cause of the extinction of the elk in Pennsylvania was unregulated hunting and clearing the elks’ habitat • Between 1913-1926: the Pennsylvania Game Commission released 117 elk into Pennsylvania from South Dakota and Wyoming

28. List of Resources • http://www.endangeredspecie.com/causes_of_endangerment.htm • http://library.thinkquest.org/J002558F/extinction.htm • http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/plants/threatenedandendangered/index.htm • http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=621014&mode=2 • http://raystown.nab.usace.army.mil/LandManagement/plants.htm • http://www.esa.org/education/edupdfs/invasion.pdf • http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Conservation/Threats-to-Wildlife/Invasive-Species.aspx • http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/unitedstates/pa.shtml • http://www.fws.gov/northeast/pdf/bulrush.pdf • http://www.pserie.psu.edu/seagrant/ais/watershed/mussel.htm • http://www.invasivespecies.net/database/species/ecology.asp?si=380&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN • http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/es_map/articles/article_66.mhtml • http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/brown-marmorated-stink-bug

29. THE END.