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575 nm. Wavelength and Light Properties. (l). High Energy. Low Energy. n = c / l E = h n. Unvisible UV Light. Visible Blue Light. Discovery of the Fluorescence: 1852. Sir George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903). Fruorite. Fluorescence. - escence - means "to become" in Latin .
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575 nm Wavelength and Light Properties (l) High Energy Low Energy n = c / l E = hn
Unvisible UV Light Visible Blue Light Discovery of the Fluorescence: 1852 Sir George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903) Fruorite Fluorescence - escence - means "to become" in Latin. - Fluor - comes from the Fluorite (fluorspar)
Spectral Shift & Filters ( Stokes Shift)
Fluorochrome (khroma crwmacolor) a fluorescent molecule Fluorophore (-phore jorozto bear, carrying) a component of a molecule which causes a molecule to be fluorescent Fluorescent dye XXX is labeled with a fluorescent dye … Fluorescent probe XXX is the Fluorescent probe for ...
Fluorochromes Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Hoechst
Quantum Yield(efficiency) QY (QE) the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed. Molar extinction coefficient ME the ability of a molecule to absorb light Fluorochromes
Fluorochromes Quantum Yield total integrated photon emission over the entire spectral band of the fluorophore S1>S2
Fluorochromes FITC ME - 93 000 QY - 0,87 Phycoerythrin (PE) ME - 1 960 000 QY - 0,82 Drs E.D. Wieder and L. Gibson, Gladstone Inst. Of Virology & Immunology, San-Francisco, CA
Hoechst Fluorescent probes for DNA
Ab ’ Ab ’’ a b pA Immunolabeling Ag … Primary antibody (Ab ’ )-FITC Ag … AC ’ … Secondary Antibody ( Ab ’’ )-FITC Ag … AC ’ -Avidin (a) … Biotin (b)-FITC Ag … AC ’ … Protein A (pA)-FITC
Fluorescent Proteins Ag … Antibody-Fluorochome Protein … Fluorochome (Fluorescent Fusion Protein) Green Fluorescent Protein
Fluorescent probes for Metal Ions Fluo-3 Ca++
Fluorochromes Phycoerythrin (phycoerithrobilin) Texas Red
Texas Red Phycoerythrin Conjugated Fluorochromes Red 613
FL1 FL2 FL3 Laser 488 nm Conjugated Fluorochromes
Cells (Beads etc) Fluorochromes Staining Instrumentation “the art and science of measurement” Data Analysis & Presentation Sorting Examples