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Standardization and Research

Standardization and Research. Prof. Dr. Christine Giger Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich http://www.geoit.ethz.ch/. © Atlas der Schweiz - interaktiv. Standards?!. Switzerland?!. CZ = CH ?!. Hungary?. Swiss Newspaper (Tages-Anzeiger 14.8.02). Slovak Republic!.

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Standardization and Research

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  1. Standardizationand Research Prof. Dr. Christine Giger Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich http://www.geoit.ethz.ch/ © Atlas der Schweiz - interaktiv

  2. Standards?! Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  3. Switzerland?! CZ = CH ?! Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  4. Hungary? Swiss Newspaper (Tages-Anzeiger 14.8.02) Slovak Republic! Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  5. Access to Geodata! Examples: Institute for Cartography, ETH Zurich Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  6. Information Communities “An Information Community is a collection of people (e.g. a government agency, a profession, a group of researchers in the same discipline, etc.) who … share a common digital geographic information language and share common spatial feature definitions. This implies a common world view as well as common abstractions, feature representations, and metadata.” (according to Open GIS Consortium, 1999, www.opengis.org) Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  7. Different Semantics In any application of spatial information: There is a demand for integrating spatial data from differentsources, which belong to differentinformationcommunities. Usually this integration is non-trivial because of the different semantics used for the spatial data in different information communities. Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  8. Example: Urban Planning • We need different features and attributes from different data sources, amongst others: • Citizens’ and politicians’ opinions on street network • Basic spatial data from official survey • Possible paths for traffic from private supplier for car navigation data • Information on lane surface properties from road maintenance Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  9. Example: spatial features and attributes • The data on streets should be characterized by: • Purpose and notion • Geometry • Accuracy and co-ordinate system Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  10. Example : What is a street? Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  11. Problem • There is not ONE geometry or description for a spatial object • How to describe semantics of spatial objects in a formal way? • How to provide services for data transfer, data integration, quality checks, etc.? Approaches: • CH: INTERLIS • ISO/TC211: conceptual schema language • Science: Ontology Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  12. What is an Ontology? • In Philosophy: • A science or study of being: specifically, a branch of metaphysics relating to the nature and relations of being; a particular system according to which problems of the nature of being are investigated • In Artificial Intelligence / Computer Science: • A theory concerning the kinds of entities and specifically the kinds of abstract entities that are to be admitted to a language system. • OR simply:A specification of a conceptualization. Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  13. Research topics in Geoinformation Science • … which are related to ISO/TC211 standards • use of Ontologies for spatial data processing • Image semantics • Interoperable Services • Location-based Services • Handling of spatio-temporal data • 3-D Information systems • Data Usability • Ontology and Metadata • Spatial Data Infrastructures • … Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  14. (GI-) Standards Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  15. Benefits for Research • According to the Swiss experience(mainly during the INTERLIS development),standards: • provide a reliable basis • prevent from re-inventing the wheel • offer interesting research topics (during development) • may offer an opportunity to disseminate know-how and research results Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  16. Benefits for Standardization • Today‘s research results (in GI Science and Technology) will influencethe market in 5-7 years • Students who use standards in projects, thesis, and courses: • are well-educated experts who appreciate the standards‘ usability • help to disseminatethe standards and enforce their market presence • Research institutions provide neutral experts to test, evaluate, and improve existing standards Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

  17. Conclusion • Keep close contact between Standardization and Research! Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and Research

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