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Chinese sound system

Chinese sound system. Hui-Ju Chuang University of Hawaii-Manoa. Overview Pronunciations of initials and finals Chinese tones Spelling rules Numbers. Syllabic structure. One character one syllable σ σ σ

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Chinese sound system

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  1. Chinese sound system Hui-Ju Chuang University of Hawaii-Manoa

  2. Overview • Pronunciations of initials and finals • Chinese tones • Spelling rules • Numbers Hui-Ju Chuang

  3. Syllabic structure • One character one syllable σσ σ initial final initial final initial final Ø a f a j iang e.g. 啊, 阿 e.g. 發, 伐 e.g. 江, 將 Hui-Ju Chuang

  4. Finals • There are six simple finals a o e i u ü • There are thirty complex finals ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong ia iao ie iu (iou) ian in iang ing iong ua uo uai ui (uei) uan un (uen) uang ueng üe üan ün er Hui-Ju Chuang

  5. Initials • There twenty-one initials b p m f d t n l g k h j q x z c s zh ch sh r Labial Alveolars Velars Palatals Dental Sibilants Retroflexes Hui-Ju Chuang

  6. Initials • There twenty-one initials b p m f Labial d t n l Alveolars g k h Velars j q x Palatals z c s Dental Sibilants zh ch sh r Retroflexes Hui-Ju Chuang

  7. Combination of initials and finals • Not every initial can combine with every final • There are only 413 combinations are used to represent thousands of Chinese characters Hui-Ju Chuang

  8. Pronunciations of initials and finals • Finals a o e Hui-Ju Chuang

  9. Finals i u ü Hui-Ju Chuang

  10. Combination of finals ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong Hui-Ju Chuang

  11. Initials mo fo bo po ne de te le Hui-Ju Chuang

  12. Initials ge ke he ji qi xi Hui-Ju Chuang

  13. Initials zi ci si Hui-Ju Chuang

  14. Initials zhi chi shi ri Hui-Ju Chuang

  15. Practice • Initials and finals practice Pinyin song Hui-Ju Chuang

  16. Practice • gai kai • mu fu • zha cha • Ji qi • ba pa • Zi ci • nei lei Hui-Ju Chuang

  17. Chinese Tones • Four tones • Neutral tone A neutral tone is pronounced briefly and softly, and the pitch value is determined by the stressed syllable e.g Māma ‘mother’-- when occurs after the first tone, the tone value is 2 Hui-Ju Chuang

  18. Tone marks • Four tones First tone (¯) Second tone (´) Third tone (ˇ) Fourth tone (ˋ) • Neutral tone No tone marks on the neutral tone Hui-Ju Chuang

  19. Continue… • Tone basically marks on the main vowel of a syllable. • Main vowel sequence: a  o  e i  u ü Exception: when i and u are combined into a syllable, the tone marks on the second vowel e.g iù , uì Hui-Ju Chuang

  20. Practice • tong 痛 • Xian 先 • ban 板 • Jiu 就 • nao 腦 • chong 從 • lei 累 tòng xiān bǎn jiù nǎo chóng lèi Hui-Ju Chuang

  21. Spelling rules 1. i and u will be written as y and w when they are in isolation 2. ü is written as yu without any initial 3. ü is written as u after j, q and x but remains the same after n and l 4. ueng is written as ong when preceded by an initial whereas change to weng in isolation Hui-Ju Chuang

  22. Continue… • iou, uei and uen are written as iu, ui, and un when preceded by an initial • er is written as r when it is in final position • Apostrophe is used when two syllables with connecting vowels, e.g nǚ‘ér(daughter) , xī’an (a city in China) Hui-Ju Chuang

  23. Numbers 一 yī 二 èr 三 sān 四 sì 五 wǔ Hui-Ju Chuang

  24. 六 liù 七 qī 八 bā 九 jiǔ 十 shí Hui-Ju Chuang

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