INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY UNDERSTAND IMPORTANT SOCIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY

2. What is sociology? • On your tables create a mind map of any key words you can think of associated with Sociology/society • (6 mins)

4. Sociology Sociology is the study of Society But what is Society???

5. What is society? • In pairs draw your version of society on your A3 paper • However you both decide • There is no right or wrong • I will be collecting them in at the end. (10 minutes)

6. What is society? What did you include? On your picture label any; • Systems – S • EG -Health, education, welfare... • Interactions – I • EG - Exchanges between people – waving, buying something in a shop,

7. What is Society? Write down your own definition of ‘Society’ Now list the following words in your notes Leave space between each word so that you can make notes on each • Norms • Values • Beliefs • Customs • Status • Role Discuss the meanings of each of them on your table

8. Values • These are widely accepted beliefs that something is worthwhile and desirable. • For example, most societies place a high value on human life. • Examples of British values include fair play, democracy, free speech, tolerance, property, love, family life etc. What values do you hold? Create an individual mind map of your values. (10 mins)

10. Norms • Norms are values put into practice. • They are specific (but often unwritten) rules of behaviour that apply to specific social situations. • Examples include ‘rules’ about how to eat, how to dress or how to speak to people in certain situations. • There are also norms that govern how we are supposed to behave according to our gender.

11. Customs • Customs are traditional and regular forms of behaviour associated with specific social situations. • For example, in Britain people celebrate Bonfire night by setting off fireworks and they eat pancakes on Shrove Tuesday.

12. Statuses A person’s status is their position society. • There are different types of status: 1. Ascribed statuses – these are fixed at birth usually by biology or inheritance e.g. your gender or race. 2. Achieved statuses – these are statuses over which individuals have control and which are attained through education, jobs, marriage etc.

13. Roles • Society expects those of a certain status to behave in a particular way. • A set of norms will be associated with that status. This set of norms is known as a role. • For example, the role of ‘doctor’ is accompanied by cultural expectations about patient confidentiality and professional behaviour.

14. What is culture? • Culture is defined as the ‘way of life’ of a social group. • Every culture is a blend of beliefs, attitudes, values, expectations and ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.

15. What is culture? • Culture is: 1. SHARED – it forms the basis of a society by binding individuals together, enabling them to communicate and co- operate. 2. LEARNED – we are not born with culture, we learn it. This learning process is called SOCIALISATION.

16. What is a subculture? A group of people within society who share norms, values, beliefs and attitudes that are in some ways different from mainstream culture.

17. Add the following key terms to your dictionary • Norms • Values • Beliefs • Customs • Status • Role • Socialisation • Society • Culture • Subculture

18. Add the following key terms to your dictionary Socialisation – The process by which an individual learns or internalises the culture of society. Society – An organised group of individuals living as members of a community Culture- All those things that are learnt and shared by a society or group of people and transmitted from generation to generation through socialisation. Subculture- A group of people within society who share norms, values, beliefs and attitudes that are in some ways different from mainstream culture.

19. EXTENSION Primary Socialisation Secondary Socialisation Social order Social institutions Sanctions Social control Social construction

20. Homework Identify & describe a subculture within our society FINAL DEADLINE: Wednesday 19th September 9am

21. Exam Q – May 2010 • Explain the meaning of the term culture • Complete the exam question and hand it to me as you exit

22. Lesson 2 • SOCIOLOGY VOCAB TEST In your groups work together to write down the definitions for the key terms we looked at last lesson

23. Explain the meaning of the term culture (5 Marks) • Everyone in the class gained between 2-4 marks Key points- Culture is BOTH learnt and shared

24. Marking codes T- use more/explain sociology terminology P- Point is unclear Q- Points made do not answer the question E- Use more examples

25. How do we acquire culture? • As discussed earlier, we are not born with culture. We learn it through the SOCIALISATION PROCESS. • This is the lifelong process through which individuals learn and internalise the norms and values of their culture. • It has TWO STAGES.

26. Stage 1: Primary Socialisation • 0-5 years old. • The family is the AGENT OF PRIMARY SOCIALISATION. • Learn language and basic norms and values. • Often learnt through IMITATION OF ROLE MODELS such as parents or older siblings. • Parents may use SANCTIONS (rewards or punishments) to reinforce approved behaviour and punish deviant (norm-breaking) behaviour.

27. Feral Children • ‘Feral children’ can be used to illustrate the importance of primary socialisation… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipt0pjz0mwg&feature=related

28. Stage 2: Secondary Socialisation • From 5 years old and up – it is a lifelong process. • Agents of secondary socialisation include: - schools - peer group - the mass media - religion - workplace • Here, we learn more complex and specific norms and values.

29. Exam question – Part a) • In your group read through the item and highlight any sociological terminology • Discuss what each of the key terms mean, make notes – annotate your sheet • Work together to write a detailed answer to the question, use as many sociological terms as you can • When you do use sociological terms make sure you show that you know what they mean eg – ......norms, rules of behaviour,......

30. Exam question • Having constructed your answer you are going to mix groups and share your knowledge with your new group members • DON’T JUST DICTACT • YOU ARE NOW THE EXPERT • YOU NEED TO EXPLAIN Mind map how you might answer the section b) Q.

31. EXAM QUESTION – Jan 2011 • Explain the meaning of the term primary socialisation

32. EXAM QUESTION - MAY 2011 • Explain the meaning of the term secondary socialisation (5 marks)

33. Backs to the board 2 teams 1 person from each team come to sit on the hot seat The rest of the team need to work together to explain the key term which appears on the screen You have 1 minute before the other team 1 minute to continue

34. Structure

35. Society

36. Beliefs

37. Customs

38. Status

39. Society

40. Achieved status

41. Culture

42. Social order

43. Role

44. Values

45. Sanctions

46. Sanctions

47. Social Control

48. Norms

49. Subculture

50. Ascribed Status