Food & Supplement Labels

1. Food & Supplement Labels • List of Ingredients • Nutrition Facts Panel • Claims • % Fat • Nutrient Claims • Other Claims • Supplement Regulations • DSHEA • USP verification • Certifications • Organic & Fair Trade

2. List of Ingredients • Listed in descending order, by weight • To choose Whole Wheat Bread: • Look for whole wheat (grain) as first ingredient. • If “wheat” is first ingredient, not whole grain • Product can be labeled “No Transfat” if it has <0.5 grams of transfat per serving • Check for “partially hydrogenated oil” in ingredients

3. Nutrition Facts • Serving Size • How many servings do you eat? • The % DV indicates the amount that ONE SERVING contributes • Standard servings sizes for each type of food • The Daily Value is scientifically agreed upon daily intake of nutrients. • Based on 2,000 calorie diet.

4. Nutrition Facts % Daily Value (DV) • Helpful to increase or limit nutrients • <5% of DV is low • >20% of DV is high • Required to provide % DV for 4 vitamins & minerals: • Vitamin A & C, Calcium & Iron • If label claims “Good source of…” or “fortified”, must provide % DV for that specific nutrient.

5. % Fat • Refers to % fat by weight NOT calories • To find % fat by calories use this formula: • (total fat grams) x (9 cal/gram) ÷ (total calories) x 100 = % fat

6. Nutrition Facts % Fat from Calories 5 x 9 = 45 45 ÷ 122 = 0.3688 0.37 x 100 = 37% 37% of the calories come from fat Serving Size 1 cup Calories 122 Total Fat 5 g Saturated Fat 3 g

7. 2% Milk

8. Nutrient Claims • Light: • 50% less fat than the regular brand • 1/3 fewer calories than the regular brand • Texture or color “light brown sugar” or “light olive oil” • Reduced: 25% less nutrient or calories than regular brand • Good Source: If food contains 10-19% Daily Value for specific nutrient, example: “good source of Vitamin C”. • High/Excellent: If a food contains  20% Daily Value for specific nutrient, example: “high fiber”.

9. Other Claims • “Natural” • FDA – no standard definition • “No added hormones” on poultry label • Hormones not given to poultry since 1950’s • Look for “NO ANTIBIOTICS” • “Cage free” • All broiler chickens are raised in cage free barns, most raised in enclosed buildings. Look for “free-range” • Look for “cage free” or “free-range” when buying eggs. Laying hens are raised in cramped wire cages. • ALL “Organic” chickens and eggs are free range. Birds must have access to outside with shade & shelter. No antibiotics allowed.

10. Dietary Supplements • Do not have to prove they are safe • Do not have to prove they are effective • Product label may not contain all the ingredients in declared amounts • Product may contain ingredients not listed

11. DSHEA - Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act • A legislative act passed in 1994. • Broadened the regulatory definition of dietary supplements • Altered the federal government’s oversight of supplement products.

12. DSHEA Requirements • Safety: Supplement company not required to test product for safety • FDA can only step in if product proven to cause harm • Effectiveness: Supplement company does not have to prove product does what it claims. • Claims: “energy enhancer”, “builds muscle”, “boosts immune system” • Not reviewed by FDA. Based on companies interpretation of scientific studies. • Must include disclaimer

13. Disclaimer Statement “This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose treat, cure or prevent any disease”.

14. DSHEA Label Requirement • Label must include Facts Panel & list of ingredients • Appearance very similar to Nutrition Facts on food • Food regulated by FDA; supplements are not • May contain ingredients not on label, omit ingredients stated on label.

15. Challenge Question Which statement do you agree with? • Supplements are regulated by the FDA. • Supplements are tested for effectiveness prior to marketing the product • Supplements do not have to prove they are safe.

16. USP Verification Indicates: Supplement Verification • Contains amounts & potency of ingredients on the label • Does not contain harmful contaminants • Easily released into body • LABEL DOES NOT MEAN: • The product is effective • The product is safe

17. USDA Organic Standards: • Plants: • Grown in soils not treated with conventional pesticides, fertilizers or herbicides for at least 3 years • Produced without genetically engineered seeds • Animals: • Given organic feed. • Raised WITHOUT antibiotics • Can NOT be raised in “factory-like” confinement conditions. Must have access to outdoors.

18. Organic Certification • “100% Organic” • Contains ONLY organic ingredients excluding water and salt • “Organic” • USDA/Organic seal identifies products with at least 95% organic ingredients. -------------------------------------------------------------------- • “Made with organic ingredients” • Contains at least 70% organic ingredients • Not allowed to use USDA Organic seal

19. Fair Trade Certification • An international movement committed to farmers receiving a fair price for their production of food products • Benefits go directly to farmers and their communities. • Over 1 million farmers in 58 developing countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America are Fair Trade Certified.

20. Fair Trade Principles: • Fair Prices: Farm co-ops receive a guaranteed minimum floor price • Fair Working Conditions: Workers have safe working conditions. Forced child labor is prohibited • Direct Trade: Importers purchase from Fair Trade co-ops directly • Democratic Decisions: Co-op members decide democratically how to use their fair trade revenues. They invest in business development, equipment, training and organic certification • Environmentally Sustainable: Farming system protects the farmer’s health and preserves the environment for future generations. Genetically engineered seeds are prohibited

21. Fair Trade USA • A non-profit organization located in Oakland • www.transfairusa.org • Leading certifier of Fair Trade products in U.S. • Products meet the standards & display the Fair Trade label • Certified products include: • Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar • Some fresh fruit, wine, flowers & cotton (apparel)

22. Fairtrade Video • In 2011, Transfair changed it’s name to Fairtrade USA. • In video they mention Transfair. • Fairtrade USA & Transfair are same organization.