August Yearbook 2013 Gold Rush Assignment Dayna Garside Yr 5/6A

1. GOLD August Yearbook 2013 Gold Rush Assignment Dayna Garside Yr 5/6A

2. 1. Gold is precious because it is malleable TRUE. Malleable means capable of being extended or shaped by hammering or by pressure from rollers 2. Gold was first found in Australia in 1854 FALSE. Gold was actually first discovered in 1823 by 3. Edward Hargraves found gold near Bathurst in N.S.W. TRUE. 4. Gold was found in Victoria, at Ballarat TRUE. 5. In the first ten years of the Gold Rush, Victoria’s European population grew by 461283. That is almost five times larger than before the gold rush TRUE 6. Peter Lalor was commander-in-chief of the forces that attacked the Eureka Stockade. TRUE 7. 22 diggers and 6 soldiers lay dead after the battle of Eureka. TRUE 8. The Largest nugget found in Ballarat was called the welcome Nugget. TRUE The Welcome Nugget was found in 1869 9. Gold was also found in Sydney.FALSE 10. Many Chinese diggers called Australia ‘New Gold Mountain’ TRUE “Xin Jin Shan” is “New Gold Mountain” in Chinese True or False

3. Comprehension questions 1why did the authorities "hush up" the first reports of gold in New South Wales? Early in Australia’s history, convicts had told stories of finding gold as they worked. These reports were hushed Up by the authorities fearful that convicts, soldiers and Public servants would all stop work to look for gold. 2when did the Australian gold rush start? In January 1851, Edward Hargraves, a tall New South Welshman, had returned home after two Years unsuccessfully searching for gold in California. The area west of the Blue Mountains impressed him as being the same as the Sierra Nevada. Hargraves soon persuaded the Tom brothers, William, John and Henry, all experienced bushmen, and Tom Lister, a drover, to help him search for gold. The group found specks of gold near Bathurst which Hargraves reported to the government to claim the reward. Within a week, 400 people were panning for gold. Hargraves called the area Ophir after the biblical golden City of King Solomon and the Australian Gold Rush Had begun, 20 May 1851. 3why did Melbourne businessmen offer a reward and what was the reward for? So much excitement was created by these discoveries that businessmen in Melbourne, alarmed at the exodus of Victorians to NSW, offered a reward of 200 guineas ($420) for the discovery of a profitable goldfield within 200 miles (320km) of Melbourne. 4who first found gold in Ballarat and when did he/she find it? Between 21 and 24 August 1851, two men, James Reagan and John Dunlop, camped north of Buninyong on a bend of a creek at a place the Aborigines called “Balla arat”. Here they discovered what was to become the richest alluvial goldfield the world has ever known. Other discoveries followed in quick succession at Mount Alexander (now Castlemaine), Daylesford, Creswick, Maryborough, Sandhurst (now Bendigo) and McIvor (now Heathcote

4. 5what was the biggest nugget found in Ballarat? GROSS WEIGHT NAME OF NUGGET LOCALITY DATE 2,520 grams The Welcome Stranger Black Lead, Moliagul 5.2.69 6what sort of business did Ms Clendinning operate? One woman who ran a successful store on the Ballarat goldfields was Martha Clendinning. Her husband, George, was a doctor who brought his wife to Victoria from England in 1852. He travelled to the goldfields with his brother-in-law to look for gold, leaving Martha with her sister in Melbourne. However, Martha and her sister decided to follow their husbands and walk the ninety-five miles to Ballarat. They brought with them bedsteads, mattresses, blankets, chairs and cooking utensils on a bullock dray and planned to set up a store on the diggings. After her sister returned to Melbourne, Martha continued to run the store on her own until 1855. She then decided to close her small store because it was facing competition from larger businesses and the storekeeper’s license was becoming too expensive. 7in the early 1850s, how many recorded deaths were for children under the age of 12 months? In the early 1850’s one quarter of all the recorded deaths in Ballarat were children under 5 years of age. 8who were James Scobie and James Bentley and how were they connected? On 6 October 1854, a young digger, James Scobie, was murdered outside the Eureka Hotel. Suspicion fell on the publican, James Bentley, but he was cleared of any involvement at the inquest. 9Who was Peter Lalor Peter Lalor was the Commander-in-Chief of the diggers who fought at Eureka. ... it seems he became commander-in-chief almost by accident...He was 25 years of age, six feet tall and impulsive by nature.(source Bert and Bon Strange, Eureka, Gold Graft and Grievances, B&B Strange, Ballarat, 1973)

5. 10what happened at the Eureka Lead on Sunday 3 DEC 1854 and why is it an important part of Australia's history? At dawn, on Sunday 3 December 1854, 276 military and police men attacked the Eureka Stockade. The 150 or so miners in the stockade were over-run in 20 minutes. Three soldiers and 22 diggers were killed in the battle and others, like Captain Wise, died later of their wounds. Note: Estimates of casualties vary. O’Brien suggests over 30 diggers and four military and Strange suggests 22 diggers and six military) 11how many Chinese came to Victoria between 1851 and 1861? In 1853, the Chinese population of Ballarat was 2,000 with the numbers increasing to 7,542 by 1857. 12 what extra money did the Chinese diggers have to pay that Western diggers did not? When the Government of Victoria found so many Chinese coming to Victoria and having success at mining it was decided to levy £10 ($20) for every Chinese that landed in Victoria. (It already cost Chinese £10 ($20) to purchase their travel ticket.) 13describe the road conditions in Melbourne in 1850 Melbourne roads left a lot to be desired: “There were no roads made, stumps and logs of trees lay about in Collins Street ... The footpaths (were) all gravel and no kerbing ... It seems to me a hot, dusty, thirsty place with nothing but a lot of long bullock teams which kicked up the dust so that you could not see a yard (a meter) in front of you when you passed them.” 14how did the gold rushes affect Victoria's Aboriginal population? The Watha Wurrung are the traditional owners of the land in the Ballarat region. Although European settlement led to the demise of Watha Wurrung society, the spirit of the original people is still present, imbued in Indigenous people from other areas who, in later years, gradually replaced them. Today that spirit still survives, re-establishing and reinforcing the Aboriginal presence in Ballarat. 15why is gold so precious? Gold, the only yellow metal, has the chemical symbol Au, which is derived from the Latin word for gold - Aurum. It has a density nearly twice that of lead, is a good conductor of electricity and heat, and is so malleable that it can be rolled thin enough to allow light to pass through. Common acids will not dissolve gold.

6. Other Interesting Points. 1872-Holterman Nugget (biggest nugget found in gold rushes) found at Hill End NSW, weighing a total 235 kg (mixture of slate and gold)James Scobie, born 2nd November 1826, died age 28 years old at Eureka Hotelin February 1851, Hargraves found gold in near Bathurst, and word quickly spread.400 people digging there for gold, and by June there were 2000. They named the goldfield Ophir after a city of gold in the Bible. 16 what were the three main methods of mining used on the Ballarat gold fields? Alluvial gold created the gold rushes. Any man in good health could take his chance at finding a fortune. All he needed was a pick, a shovel, a gold panning dish, a tent, some bedding and a few cooking utensils. This method relied upon the fact that gold was heavier than the sand, gravel and clay (wash dirt) and so sank to the bottom of the creeks. A miner would separate the gold from the wash dirt using a pan, cradle or sluice box. In the early days, before creeks were “panned out”, the miners would simply proceed up a creek, washing shovelfuls of clay and gravel taken directly from the banks or bed of the creek.

7. Timeline 1823 – Gold is found in Ballarat 1834 - Victorias Aboriginal population is 11500 - Martha Clendinning closes her store in Ballarat. 1840 - Gold first found in Victoria. 1844 - Reverend W.B Clarke finds gold in New South Wales. 1851 - Hargraves, The Tom Brothers and Lister find gold at Bathurst NSW 1853 - The first Concord coach is imported from the USA by Cobb & Co. 1854 - 4023 women and 12660 men on the Ballarat Gold fields. - Gold fields Commissioner arrived in Ballarat to issue licences. - 7th Oct 1854, James Scobie is murdered at the Eureka Hotel. - November 1854, 500 Diggers swear an oath under the southern Cross. - 3rd December, Military and Police storm the Eureka Stockade. - New Laws give the Diggers the right to Vote. 1857 - 4th July, Chinese Diggers killed at Buckland river diggings. - 40,000 Chinese miners on the goldfields. 1861 - Victorias European population is 538,628 people. - Victorias Aboriginal population is 2341. 1869 - The Welcome Nugget is found.