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Peripheral Interfaces. list of available interfaces. 1. Serial 2. Parallel 3. ATA/IDE 4. Serial ATA 5. SCSI 6. USB 7. Firewire 8. Infrared serial 9. Joystick port. The serial port.
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list of available interfaces 1.Serial 2.Parallel 3.ATA/IDE 4.Serial ATA 5.SCSI 6.USB 7.Firewire 8.Infrared serial 9.Joystick port
The serial port • The serial port is a low-speed peripherals port designed for devices that don't need to transfer a lot of data, like mice or modems. • The port is "serial" because data bits are transmitted one at a time. • The international standard for serial ports is called RS-232. • Serial ports are still used for external modems, PDAs/palmtops, and occasionally mice or game controllers, but these devices are rapidly converting to the newer Universal Serial Bus (USB). • If your computer supports USB, a USB version of a device is highly preferable to the serial port version for long-term compatibility.
The serial port, UARTs Chip#speed 8250 9600 bps 16550 115 kbps 16550 230 kbps 16750 460 kbps • You can find out what UART is installed in your PC by running MSD.EXE in the DOS mode. • You can find MSD.EXE in Win98/Me/2000 CD-ROM /tools/ folder. • Try shareware version of SiSoft Sandra - http://www.sisoftware.co.uk/sandra/html/dload.htm
The parallel port • The parallel port is the wide 25-pin port on the back of the computer which is used to communicate with printers and some other peripheral devices. • There are several different parallel port standards, including • SPP (standard parallel port), • Bidirectional, • EPP ("enhanced parallel port") and • ECP ("extended capabilities port"). • Most modern computers can support any of these standards via a user-selectable option in the BIOS setup. • For maximum compatibility, always set the parallel port standard to match the standards supported by your devices, and never attach more than two devices to the same parallel port.
PS/2 typeparallel port • Bidirectional type is also known as PS/2 type or Extended type.
IDE, Integrated Drive Electronics • IDE stands for Integrated Drive Electronics. • Most consumer storage devices, like hard disks and CD-ROMs, use the IDE interface to communicate with the computer. • PC compatible computers typically have two IDE interface controllers, and each controller can support two devices. • Storage product manufacturers have confused matters by trademarking their own names for the IDE interface, calling it ATA, UDMA, or EIDE. • Although they may differ in performance details, they are all intercompatible.
IDE/ATA • Usually these devices connect to the computer through an Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface. • Essentially, an IDE interface is a standard way for a storage device to connect to a computer. • IDE is actually not the true technical name for the interface standard. • The original name, AT Attachment (ATA), signified that the interface was initially developed for the IBM AT computer.
IDE • Also Known As: ATA, UDMA, EIDE, UDMA/33, ATA/66, ATA/100, ATAPI
ATA generations ATA-1 8.33 MB/s ATA-2 16.67 MB/s ATA-3 16.67 MB/s ATA/ATAPI-4, Ultra-ATA/33 33 MB/s UDMA ATA/ATAPI-5, Ultra-ATA/66 66 MB/s UDMA ATA/ATAPI-6, ATA/100 100 MB/s UDMA
ATAPI • ATA-4: Probably the two biggest additions to the standard in this version are Ultra DMA support and the integration of the AT Attachment Program Interface (ATAPI) standard. • ATAPI provides a common interface for CD-ROM drives, tape backup drives and other removable storage devices. • Before ATA-4, ATAPI was a completely separate standard. • With the inclusion of ATAPI, ATA-4 immediately improved the removable media support of ATA. • Ultra DMA increased the DMA transfer rate from ATA-2's 16.67 MB/sec to 33.33 MB/sec. • In addition to the existing cable that uses 40 pins and 40 conductors (wires), this version introduces a cable that has 80 conductors. • The other 40 conductors are ground wires interspersed between the standard 40 conductors to improve signal quality. • ATA-4 is also known as Ultra DMA, Ultra ATA and Ultra ATA/33.
ATAPI • ATAPI stands for ATAPacket Interface. • It's a variation on the IDE (also called ATA) interface used for hard disks, which is specially designed to accomodate removable media devices like CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, CD writers and tape drives.
ATA generations ATA-1 8.33 MB/s ATA-2 16.67 MB/s ATA-3 16.67 MB/s ATA/ATAPI-4, Ultra-ATA/33 33 MB/s UDMA ATA/ATAPI-5, Ultra-ATA/66 66 MB/s UDMA ATA/ATAPI-6, ATA/100 100 MB/s UDMA
Serial ATA • High Speed Serialized AT Attachment
Serial ATA • http://www.explosivelabs.com/articles/sata/
Serial ATA Connectors • (a) device signal plug segment or connector; • (b) device power plug segment or connector; • (c) signal cable receptacle connector, to be mated with (a); • (d) power cable receptacle connector, to be mated with (b); • (e) signal cable receptacle connector, to be mated with (f), the host signal plug connector; • (g) host receptacle connector mating directly with device plug connector (a) & (b). • Ref: Serial ATA 1.0 gold.pdf
Parallel ATA vs. Serial ATA Parallel ATA Serial ATA Bandwidth 100/133 MB/Secs 150/300/600 MB/Secs Volts 5V 250mV Pins 40 7 Length Limitation 18 inch (45.72cm) 1 meter (100cm) Cable Wide Thin Ventilation Bad Good Peer-to-Peer No Yes
SCSI, Small Computer Systems Interface • It is a high-speed peripherals expansion port which provides support for up to 7 devices on a single connector. • SCSI is a complex and powerful standard; because of its high bandwidth, it can handle all sorts of devices including hard disks, CD-RW, scanners, removable drives, etc. • A few computers come with SCSI built-in, but it can be added with a modestly priced PCI card. • SCSI is comparable to the IDE, USB and parallel port standards, but it is more flexible and more capable than any one of them. • Only Firewire (IEEE 1394) offers comparable performance.
SCSI Types, Data transfer rates & Cables LVD - Low Voltage Differential signaling; HVD - High voltage Differential signaling
SCSI Daisy chain connection: First & last device must be terminated
USB • USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, a new standard for connecting external devices like mice, keyboards, scanners and printers. • USB offers many benefits over traditional connection method, including thinner and cheaper cables, greater expandability (with the addition of a USB hub, a single USB controller can handle up to 125 devices) and greater speed. • To use USB, your computer needs integrated USB ports or a USB expansion card and Windows 98; Mac users require a Mac with USB and MacOS 8.1 or greater.
