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The Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement. 1. What was the ruling in the Supreme Court Case “ Plessy vs. Ferguson?”. “Separate but equal!” Were things actually equal?. The Emergence of the Civil Rights Movement:. The movement emerged from a 300 year-long struggle for equality and justice

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The Civil Rights Movement

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  1. The Civil Rights Movement

  2. 1. What was the ruling in the Supreme Court Case “Plessy vs. Ferguson?” • “Separate but equal!” • Were things actually equal?

  3. The Emergence of the Civil Rights Movement: The movement emerged from a 300 year-long struggle for equality and justice - Slavery to Jim Crow to Plessy! Make some progress through Brown vs. Board and the NAACP

  4. Who was Jackie Robinson? • First African American to enter the major league baseball association. • Began the integration of Baseball in 1947.

  5. 1. Rosa Parks 3. Segregated Busses (The Montgomery Bus Boycott) 2. Elizabeth Eckford (Little Rock Nine) 4. Brown vs. Board of Education

  6. Describe the following events:

  7. Describe the following events:

  8. School Desegregation: Much white resistance! -Central High School, and the “Little Rock Nine.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g

  9. The Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks! “Don’t ride the bus Monday!!” December 1956 the SUPREME Court ordered to end the segregation of buses!

  10. Martin Luther King Jr. Philosophy: Nonviolence!! Approach your enemies with love! “If we are wrong, the Constitution is wrong. If we are wrong, God almighty is wrong. If we are wrong, Jesus of Nazareth was merely a utopian dreamer and never came down to earth. If we are wrong, justice is a lie.” -MLK Jr. - Formation of the SCLC

  11. Making Progress:? The Sit-In Movement A peaceful demonstration where typically young black college students will sit down at a segregated lunch counter, and remain there to protest its segregated facilities. -SNCC: Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee, created by college students conducting sit-ins! “Justice permeated by love!”

  12. Making Progress? The Freedom Rides: • Many states refused to comply with the Supreme court order to desegregate the buses = • “Freedom Riders”- bus trip from Washington DC through the South to New Orleans as a protest. • ~Both blacks and whites rode together, sang songs, as inspiration for desegregation. • ~Sometimes turned violent, bombs on buses, attacked at bus terminals, put in jail!

  13. Making Progress? Demonstrations in Birmingham • Began with various sit-ins and peaceful demonstrations around the city. • One demonstration over 150 people were arrested, MLK being one of them. • Letter from a Birmingham Jail: • We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was "well timed" in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word "Wait!" It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This "Wait" has almost always meant 'Never." We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that "justice too long delayed is justice denied."

  14. Demonstrations Continued…….. • The Children's Marches: • -Children 6-16 marched in protest • Over 600 young fighters were sent to jail • Video footage caught tape of children rolling down the street from fire hoses • Brought about much sympathy for the movement!

  15. Making Progress? 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing: A bomb in the basement of the church went off and killed six people. -Will spark violence

  16. Victory? The 1963 March on Washington: • Over 25,000 people gathered in DC from across the nation. • The most positive and memorable speech came from MLK, “I have a dream” speech! • I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." • I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. • I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. • I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. • I have a dream today

  17. The March was a success, and done peacefully! • In response, President Johnson passes the Civil Rights Act of 1964= forces immediate desegregation to all public facilities! (will prompt 2 other very important civil rights acts later) “Ain’t gonna let nobody turn me round” Ain’t gonna let nobdy, Lordy, turn me round, turn me round, turn me round, Ain’t gonna let nobody turn me round Keep on walkin, keep on talkin, marchin up to freedom land! Ain’t gonna let segregation, Lordy, turn me round…. Ain’t gonna let no Jailhouse…. Ain’t gonna let no nervous Nellie…. Ain’t gonna let Chief Prickett…. Ain’t gonna let Mayor Kelly…. Ain’t gonna let no Uncle Tom…. Ain’t gonna let nobody……

  18. The Violence continues: The Voter Registration Drive…. • Many Blacks still could not vote (literacy tests, poll taxes…) • Freedom Summer 1964: people went door to door or held classes on how to pass literacy tests and how to vote. • Brought back confidence some did not have • Turned violent= some leaders beaten, shot or attacked while doing this. • = March from SELMA to MONTGOMERY in response to violence, met by state troopers at city borders and some were shot=“Bloody Sunday” • = in response, the President passed the VOTING RIGHTS ACT 1965= made poll taxes and literacy tests illegal.

  19. We Shall Overcome We shall overcome, we shall overcome We shall overcome someday. Oh deep in my heart, I do believe, we shall overcome someday. We are not afraid, we are not afraid, we are not afraid today. Oh, deep in my heart, I do believe, we shall overcome someday!

  20. The Movement turns RADICAL: Malcolm X • Some were very dissatified with MLK’s leadership, and new leaders arose! • Had a rough childhood, went to jail, converted to Islam. • Malcolm X promotes racial pride and separatism! • Use self defense, MLK is too passive • Later assassinated by a member of the Nation of Islam.

  21. The Movement Turns Radical: Urban Race Riots: • Spontaneous violence among angry urban residents and police broke out in cities across the US. • Kerner Commission: created by President Johnson to investigate the causes of the urban race riots; • = concluded that white racism, especially with the police, was to blame!

  22. The Shift to Radicalism: • The character of the civil rights movement began to change in the late 1960’s. • Key radicalorganizations began to emerge= The Black Panther Party

  23. The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement: “No longer did the majority of blacks and whites accept that only native born white Americans deserved first class citizenship! Nor did most people accept the racial stereotype that AA’s should be “Quietly Obedient” to their government or peers in the face of discrimination.”

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