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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1775. Growing Population. Massive population growth in 13 original Shifting balance of power 4 major cities; 90% lived in rural areas. Different Ethnicities. Mostly English with small ethnic pockets 6% of population in 1775= German

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1775

  2. Growing Population • Massive population growth in 13 original • Shifting balance of power • 4 major cities; 90% lived in rural areas

  3. Different Ethnicities • Mostly English with small ethnic pockets • 6% of population in 1775= German • 7%= Scots-Irish (Paxton Boys protest) • 5%= French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Swiss, Scots-Highlanders • 20% = African slaves (African American traditions) • Multicultural society

  4. The Structure of Colonial Society • Beginning of 1700’s= many opportunities • “Europeanization” of America • Limited amounts of land Allegheny barrier • Class discrepancy in South • Fear of slave revolts

  5. Colonial Trade • Triangular Trade • Manufacturing • Trade imbalance= need for new markets • Molasses Act 1733 smuggling and bribery

  6. Official Churches • 2 tax supported churches (Anglican and Congregational) • Anglican= Georgia, N & S Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and part of NY • Less fire and brimstone • Congregational= New England except RI • More religious tolerance

  7. The Great Awakening • The religious fervor weakening • Threat of liberal ideas (Arminians) • Full membership to battle “heresies” • Great Awakening of 1730’s-40’s spiritual revival with Jonathan Edwards • “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • George Whitefield- emotional theatrics • “New Light” vs. “Old Light”

  8. The Great Awakening • Awakening= revitalization, undermined old clergy, created breaks in Churches • Missionary work • True American solidarity

  9. Colonial Education • No longer just for wealthy boys • Good Christians (New England towns vs. Southern plantations) • Focus less on independent thinking • University of Pennsylvania

  10. Pioneer Presses • Too busy/poor to read books • Pamphlets, journals, leaflets, newspapers • Colonial grievances, European news • Zenger Case 1734-35 • Some freedom of the press

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