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APIM

Actor-Partner Interdependence Model or APIM David A. Kenny University of Connecticut http://davidakenny.net/kenny.htm http://davidakenny.net/doc/iarr_her.ppt. APIM.

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APIM

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  1. Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelor APIMDavid A. KennyUniversity of Connecticuthttp://davidakenny.net/kenny.htmhttp://davidakenny.net/doc/iarr_her.ppt

  2. APIM • A model that simultaneously estimates the effects one's own characteristics and one's partner's characteristics on an outcome variable • Data Requirements • two variables, X and Y, and X causes or predicts Y • Both members of the dyad have scores on X and Y

  3. Actor Effect • Definition: The effect of a person’s X variable on that person’s Y variable • Example: the effect of one's depression on one's quality of life • Both members of the dyad have an actor effect

  4. Partner Effect • Definition: The effect of a person’s partner’s X variable on the person’s Y variable • Example: the effect of partner's depression on quality of life • Both members of the dyad have a partner effect

  5. Person 1's Depression Person 2's Depression Person 1's Quality of Life APIM Diagram Actor for Person 1 Partner from 1 to 2 Partner from 2 to 1 Person 2's Quality of Life Actor for Person 2 The partner effect is fundamentally dyadic, but a common convention is to refer to it by the outcome variable. So "Partner from 2 to 1" would be called the "partner effect for person 1."

  6. The APIM and Health Research • Consider romantic couples • Each member either diagnosed (D) or undiagnosed (U) • Four major designs • DU • UU • DD • UU, DU, and DD

  7. DU Studies: Some Examples • Kim et al. (2008): the influence of psychological stress on life quality among mothers with cancer and their adult care giving daughters • Hong et al. (2005): the association between the provision and receipt of social support in cardiac patients and their spouses   • Mellon et al. (2007): factors associated with the fear of cancer-recurrence in cancer survivors and their caregivers • Kershaw et al. (2008): effect of stress on coping in prostate cancer patients and their spouses • Dorros et al. (2010): effect of depression on health in women with breast cancer and their partners

  8. Key Questions in DU Studies • Almost always there are mean differences on Y between D and U, but also important are differences in actor effects and especially between partner effects, i.e., measuring bidirectional influence. • Important to test for asymmetry in: • Y intercepts • Actor effects • Partner effects • Error variances in Y

  9. UU Studies • Health Promotion Studies • Some Examples • Dickerson & Kemeny (2004): effect of stress on cortisol levels • Klumb et al. (2006): effect of housework on cortisol levels • Butterfield & Lewis (2002): effect of tactics on health-related behaviors • Key question • Presence of partner effects

  10. DD Studies • Example: Knoll et al. (2009): Effects of stress on depression in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment. • Key question: Partner effects • Study would benefit by having a UU control group to see if effects are stronger or weaker in DD vs. UU couples.

  11. UU, DU, and DD Studies • Some Examples • Hoff et al. (2009) conducted studies of gay men in which one, both, or neither member was HIV positive. • McMahon et al. (2007) studied gay men where one member, both members, or neither member was diagnosed with hepatitis C. • Key questions • What is the effect of Disease on the behaviors and perceptions of person and their partner. • Couple type as a moderator

  12. Not Discussed • Distinguishability • Statistical estimation of the APIM • Actor-partner interactions • Over time studies • Alternative dyadic models

  13. APIM Work in Progress • Testing Patterns Using k (Kenny & Lederman, 2010; Journal of Family Psychology) • Mediation (Lederman, Macho, & Kenny, 2011; Structural Equation Modeling) • Common Fate Model as an Alternative to the APIM (Lederman, & Kenny, under editorial review) • Moderation (Garcia, Lederman, & Kenny, in preparation)

  14. Thank You! http://davidakenny.net/doc/iarr_her.ppt

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