Transferable Indigenous Knowledge (TIK): Education Process and Policy

1. Transferable Indigenous Knowledge (TIK):Education Process and Policy Rajib Shaw E-mail: shaw@global.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp Web: http://www.iedm.ges.kyoto-u.ac.jp/

2. Idea Workshop 2007 Defining TIK • Indigenous knowledge is the knowledge that people in a given community have developed over time, and continue to develop. It is based on experience, often tested over centuries of use, adapted to local cultureand environment, dynamic and changing. Source: IIRR, Philippines, 1996: Recording and using indigenous knowledge: A manual. • Transferable indigenous knowledgeis the traditional art of disaster reduction that is indigenous to specific region (s) but having potential to be applied to other regions and having time-tested reliability

3. Idea Workshop 2007 Criteria for TIK • Originated within communities, based on local needs, and specific to culture and context (environment and economy) • Provides core knowledge with flexibility for local adaptation for implementation • Uses local knowledge and skills, and materials based on local ecology • Has been proven to be time tested and useful in disasters • Is applied or applicable in other communities or generations

4. Knowledge/Technology Type and its Application Example from Japan Takeuchi and Shaw 2007 Damage Reduction Knowledge/Technology Flood Prevention Knowledge/Technology Erosion Control Knowledge/Technology

5. Waju (Inside Ring) =Community Protected by Ring Dike Takeuchi and Shaw 2007 Photo by Iwanami Co.,Ltd.(1956) Distribution of Waju in Noubi plains (Ando,1952)

6. Hijiri-Ushi (Grand OX) at Nagara river Takeuchi and Shaw 2007 By Google

7. Hijiri-Ushi (Grand OX) at Nagara river Takeuchi and Shaw 2007 Photo by NIED-KU(2007)

8. Hijiri-Ushi (Grand OX) Takeuchi and Shaw 2007 4m 7m 4.5m 7m Photo by NIED-KU(2007) Photo by NIED-KU(2007)

9. Mizuya (Flood House) Photo by NIED-KU(2007) Takeuchi and Shaw 2007 Blue line is record of flood disaster in 1896 1.3m 2m

10. Action Workshop 2008 Implementation Issues of TIK What to transfer (Principles and Methodology) • How to transfer • Documentation • On-site visit • DRH database • Workshops • Internal, external facilitation • Link to modern technology Whom to transfer (Vulnerable Communities, Policy makers) Transferability of TIK • Who to transfer • -Community leaders • External Facilitators For Hydro-meteorological disasters, focus on climate change adaptation

11. Action Workshop 2008 TIK Classification • Five thematic areas • Mountain Ecosystem • Coastal Zone Management • Integrated Water Resource Management • Arid land management • River basin management • Housing and Shelter • Two types of TIK • Based on technology • Based on belief systems • Three phases of Disaster Cycle • Pre-disaster • During disaster • Post-disaster Post-disaster During-disaster Pre-disaster

12. Action Workshop 2008 TIK in Education • Cross-discipline collaboration • Civil society: Document and analyze • Education and Research Community: Validation and analyze • Policy maker: Policy decision • Regional and International organization: Policy advocacy • Steps (not necessarily in the order of appearance) • Education: link to curriculum • Policy: regional, national and local advocacy and decision • Pilot: Implementation and validation

13. IK and DRR Policy Issues • Critical Entry Points • Priority Thematic areas • Climate change and food security • Rural development • Urban Risk reduction • Gender and inclusion • Policy Tools • Research, documentation • Education • Advocacy • Institutional Framework • Action Agenda • Establishment of a resource group • Documentation and research • Education • Policy advocacy • Enabling environment • Change agents • Special focus areas