Chapter Three 第三章 中元音 Central Vowels: / Λ / / ә / / ә: / Time : 2 periods

1. Chapter Three第三章中元音Central Vowels: /Λ/ / ә / / ә: /Time : 2 periods

2. Chapter Three The first period第三章 第一学时 中元音 Central Vowels:/ ә / / ә: /

3. Warning-up exercise • The best player was injured. • The wonderful weather was over. • Were you ever hurt in an accident? • Birds of a feather flock together.

4. /Λ/ / ә / / ә: / There are three central vowels: /Λ/ / ә / / ә: / For all of then the tip tongue touches the base of the lower teeth or the teeth ridge. The tongue is flat in the mouth. The lips are spread or neutral with no lip-rounding.

5. / ә: / • The centre of the tongue is raised with considerable tongue tension. The opening between the jaws is narrow.

6. / ә: / is usually read in the following combined letters: er ir (w)or ur ear our her serve nerve reserve certain girl sir first dirty bird work word worse world worm fur turn purse return church earth heard journy courtesy journal

7. Phrases & Sentences the girl’s curls the first term the third world the early bird thirty shirts and skirts a firm nurse The workers worked in the dirty workshop. I urged the thirsty nurse to drink first. I gave her some pearls for her thirty-first birthday. The German prefer a fur cap to a leather one.

8. / ә / • This sound is read somewhat like / ә: / but shorter and more relaxed.

9. / ә / is usually read in the following letters and combined letters: a e I o u ar er or ur ou our ure ( They are read / ә / in an unstressed syllable. ) about again above ago around pavement government gentlemen possible horrible terrible oblige method Europe suppose difficult column father better manner particular forward doctor effort famurs colour figure

10. Phrases & Sentences around a corner betterand better overand overagain about the worker accept a member sooner or later We’ll have a get-together the day after tomorrow. I am teacher, she’s a dancer. Read the tongue twisteragain and again. Better late than never.

11. Comparison

12. Games and activities

13. Dialogue A: Something’s burning. B: Oh, my buns! (小圆)面包 A: Mm, I love burnt buns. B: Curse this oven! Curse it! A: But I prefer burnt buns. B: It’s the worst oven in the world! A: Wonderful! A perfect bun! B: There’re thirty of them. Oh, have another. Have them all if you like.

14. Read the following proverbs • Never judge from appearance. 不要以貌取人。 • First come, first served. 先来先得。 • The early bird catches the worm. 笨鸟先得食；捷足先登。 • A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。

15. After-class assignments • 1. Review and memorizes the words, phrases, sentences and proverbs learnt in class. • 2. Make up three sentences with central vowels / ә: / / ә / . • 3. Find out a tongue twister with the central vowels involved.

16. Chapter Three The second period第三章 第二学时 • 中元音Central vowel / Λ /

17. Warning-up exercise • Every country has its customs. • It’s fun to run and jump in the sun. • Could you come for lunch? • What colour’s the brush?

18. /Λ/ • The centre of the tongue is raised with the tongue resting in a relaxed fashion in the bottom of the mouth. The lips are spread in the shape of a rectangular.

19. /Λ/ is usually read in the following letters or combined letters: u o oo ou bus but truck brush cup dove colour come once nothing blood flood country enough young southern

20. Phrases & Sentences much love a cup and some nuts just once a wonderful sunset blood for blood a funny cover Hurry up. The bus is coming. He told the funny story just for fun. I love buns and butter for supper. Look, the sun has come up.

21. Comparison between /Λ/ & /ɑ: /

22. Advice to the students • Many students confuse /ɑ: / and /Λ/ , sothat their much /mΛt∫/ sounds much like march /mɑ:t∫/. To avoid this mistake, they should pay attention to the differences in the formation of the two vowels.

23. Advice to the students • For /ɑ:/ the tongue almost lies flat in the mouth. The tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth. The lips are neutrally open. • For /Λ/, the part of the tongue that is raised is the centre of the tongue. The tip of the tongue touches the base of the lower teeth. The lips are widely open but not as wide as that for/ɑ:/.

24. Games and activities

25. Practice Read the following dialogues, paying attention to the sound of /Λ/ /ә / / ә:/.

26. Dialogue A: What’s wrong? B: Nothing’s wrong. A: Come on, Something’s wrong. B: Nothing much. A: What’s the trouble? Has Buddy come? B: Mm. Come, and gone.

27. Read for fun • Hurry up! Hurry up! • There comes the bus. • Don’t worry, I’m always lucky. • I surely can catch the bus.

28. 字母 读音 例词 a /ei/ name/neim/名字，make/meik/做，mistake/misteik/错误 e /i:/ me/mi:/我（宾格），he/hi:/他，Pete/pi:t/皮特（男子名） i,y /ai/ time/taim/时间，my/mai/我的，type/taip/类型 o /əu/ go/gəu/去，nose/nəuz/鼻子，home/həum/家 u /ju:/ use/ju:z/使用, huge/hju:dЗ/巨大的, new/nju:/新的 Additional information相关知识介绍:开音节、闭音节

29. 字母 开音节 例词 闭音节 例词 a /ei/ tape/teip/ 磁带 / æ / tap/tæp/ 轻的 e /i:/ Pete/pi:t/ 皮特(男子名) /e/ pet/pet/ 宠物 i /ai/ site/sait/ 场所 /i/ sit/sit/ 坐 y /ai/ my/mai/ 我的 /i/ myth/miθ/ 神话 o /əu/ note/nəut/ 笔记 /ɔ/ not/nɔt/ 不 u /ju:/ tube/tju:b/ 管子 /Λ/ tub/tΛb/ 木桶 Additional information相关知识介绍:开音节、闭音节

30. After-class assignments: 1. Review and memorizes the words, phrases and sentences learnt in class. 2. Make up three sentences with central vowel /Λ / . 3. Find out a tongue twister with the central vowel involved. 4. 完成课后练习葆青编著高等教育出版社出版《实用英语语音》P117 练习三：1题1），P125 2题 5. 完成课后练习胡文仲祝珏马元曦李贺编外语教学与研究出版社出版《大学英语教程》第一册P35 9题，P51 3题，P53 7题1）、2）