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From Manuscript to Printing Press to Computer Chip Studying Early Music in Digital Format. Susan Forscher Weiss Johns Hopkins University Ichiro Fujinaga McGill University. Outline. History: Research & Pedagogy Databases Computer Applications Conclusions / Future.
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From Manuscript to Printing Press to Computer ChipStudying Early Music in Digital Format Susan Forscher Weiss Johns Hopkins University Ichiro Fujinaga McGill University
Outline • History: Research & Pedagogy • Databases • Computer Applications • Conclusions / Future RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music Research & Pedagogy • Old way • Primary sources: mss, prints (travel, permissions) • Books, periodicals, microfilms, photocopies • Slides, handouts, overhead transparencies • Analog recordings, video, scores RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music Research & Pedagogy • Intermediate solutions • Local database (on-line library catalogues) • E-mail, mailing lists • CD, DVD, CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Peabody Renaissance CD-ROM RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music Research & Pedagogy • New way • Web-based courses • Web databases • Web resources • Web portals RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Course Pages • MusL 242: Music of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (C. Cyrus, Vanderbilt) • MUSIC 310: Ancient and Medieval Music (T. Ward, UIUC) • The Gregorian Chant Home Page(P. Jeffery, Princeton) • Music 2223: Renaissance Music (G. Callon, Acadia) • Music 610.311: Music History I (S. F. Weiss, Johns Hopkins) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
WebCT (S. Weiss) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Wegman: Demonstration of Borrowing RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Three Types of Databases • General references • Specialized metadata • Music databases • Indices • Text • Facsimile RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
General references • Grove Music Online RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Grove Music Online (2nd ed., opera, jazz)45,000 articles, 6000 contributors RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
General references • Grove Music Online • RILM(Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music article abstracts after 1996(329,000 items from 6200 journals) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
General references • Grove Music Online • RILM (Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) • RISM(Répertoire International des Sources Musicales) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Index to music manuscripts after 1600456,000 items by 18,000 composers RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
General references • Grove Music Online • RILM (Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) • RISM (Répertoire International des Sources Musicales) • RELICS(Renaissance Liturgical Imprints: A Census) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
RELICS (books on worship, 13,882 entries) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
RELICS on MIRLYN RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
General references • Grove Music Online • RILM (Répertoire International des Littérature Musicales) • RISM (Répertoire International des Sources Musicales) • RELICS(Renaissance Liturgical Imprints: A Census) • RIPM (Répertoire International de la Presse Musicales) • Music Index • International Index to the Performing Arts • Online journals • Early Music, Music Quarterly, etc. • JSTOR (back issues: all major music journals!) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Early Music (Christopher Page) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Specialized metadata: Composers • Dufay • Hildegard of Bingen • Ockeghem • Josquin • Dowland • Lawes • Machaut RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Machaut on the Web RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Specialized metadata: Portals • Classical Music Resources (Duke University) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Classical Music Resources (Duke University) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Specialized metadata: Portals • Classical Music Resources (Duke University) • Cecilia (UK and Ireland) • Ufficio Ricerca Fondi Musicali di Milano • Early Music FAQ (medieval.org) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Early Music FAQ (medieval.org) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Early Music Composers (medieval.org) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Specialized metadata: Sound Recordings • WorldCat (OCLC: 1.7M recordings, 1.2M scores) • SONIC (LC: 2.5M recordings) • National Sound Archives (BL: 3M recordings) • allclassical.com • 100K albums • 250K compositions • 20K Medieval/Renaissance compositions • amazon.com RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (indices) • Themefinder (Stanford and Ohio State) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (indices) • Themefinder (Stanford and Ohio State) • CANTUS (U. of Western Ontario, Canada) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
CANTUS (200K entries from 50 sources) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (text) • Center for the History of Music Theory and Literature(Indiana) • Thesaurus Musicarum Latinarum (TML) • Texts on Music in English (TME) • Traités français sur la musique (TFM) • Saggi musicali italiani (SMI) • Thesaurus musicarum italicarum (TMI) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Scribe database RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
DIAMM (Oxford, Royal Holloway) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) • Early English Books Online RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Early English Books Online (W. Byrd) RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) • Early English Books Online • Dowland MS RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Dowland MS Project RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Music databases (facsimile) • Scribe (La Trobe University, Australia) • Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music (Oxford) • Early English Books Online • Dowland MS • Acadia Early Music Facsimile Archive RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga
Examples of Computer Applications in Early Music • Analysis of notational signs in 12th C. manuscripts • Comparison of motets with questionable attributions • Transcription of tablatures • Automatic fingering of English keyboard music • Divergence study by superimposing scanned images of printed music • Watermark study using digital image processing • Virtual restoration of manuscripts RSA 2004 Weiss / Fujinaga