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HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY

HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY. RESOLUTION. >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence? See Evoli 2011) ~10.000 (galaxies, GRBs) “Linearly goeth Spectral Range, with the volume scaleth Resolution”

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HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY

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  1. HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY

  2. RESOLUTION • >100.000-150.000 (IGM metals, molecules, constants) • (300.000 would be fine too – turbulence? See Evoli 2011) • ~10.000 (galaxies, GRBs) • “Linearly goeth Spectral Range, with the volume scaleth Resolution” • “Only above R ~ 150.000 Astronomy becomes Astrophysics”

  3. 20h z=3 log NHI = 13.5 δ=0 log NHI = 14.7 δ=7 log NCIV = 12

  4. SPECTRAL RANGE 310-320 nm (constants, IGM metals, molecules, expans.?) 350-370 nm (galaxies, tomography, expansion?) ~red (primordial Gals) ~700 nm, optical (molecules, expansion, tomography) IR-H (metals in the IGM) IR-K (galaxies, primordial galaxies, GRBs)

  5. V.D’Odorico + 2010 X-shooterspectrum: J0818+1722(zem= 6.00, Jvega= 18.5) Si II 1260 z=5.79 C II 1334 O I 1302 Si II 1526 z=5.06 VIS O I 1302 Si II 1260 z=5.87 C II 1334 R=8800 NIR R=5600

  6. Metal pollution in the Universe D’Odorico, Cupani, Cristiani+ 2012 13.8< log N(CIV) <15 An archaeological record of past star formation Adelberger 05

  7. Reionization: sourcesof systematics WRONG estimate of the transmission region !! Smaller transmission region due to the presence of associated strong overdensities !

  8. SED of ionizing spectrum vs. ion.potentials

  9. 0.86 0.64

  10. ADAPTIVE OPTICS ? Most cases do not require adaptive optics (good, HIRES can be used during “bad” weather!) The optical/higher res (constants, expansion, tomography, molecules …) [sky surface brightness] Galaxies [intrinsic dimensions ~0.2”] not extreme AO Would be useful for point-like sources in the IR, when we go faint (GRBs, metals in the IGM at high-z) GLAO?

  11. FOV/Multiplex • Most cases do not require multiplex/wide field of view (constants, expansion, GRBs, molecules, IGM metals) • FOV: 30” galaxies, 3’ primordial galaxies, 5’ tomography • limited multiplex (~10x) • MULTIPLEX ANTICORRELATES WITH RESOLUTION (slicer!)

  12. Fibers are OK or required for most of the cases (provided that the sky subtraction in the IR is correct) IFU for galaxies? (see also HARMONI) The whole range UV-optical-IR in one shot is highly desired (e.g. transient phenomena – GRBs, see also economy of ELT time) Throughput MUST be large (faint objects), [cf. HARMONI ~>35%]

  13. CALIBRATIONS • Justify stability at a level of few cm/s for ALL high S/N (~>200) cases • Need for High-Fidelity spectroscopy (see Dravins 2010) • Not only wavelength calibration (Laser Comb) but also (e.g.) flat fielding, relative flux resp., psf (fibers may be an advantage) • Telluric lines?

  14. HARMONI Visible and near-infrared (0.47 to 2.45 µm) integral field spectrograph, over a range of resolving powers from R (≡λ/Δλ) ~ 4000 to R~20000. The instrument provides simultaneous spectra of ~32000 (8000) spaxels in the near-IR (visible) arranged in a 2:1 aspect ratio contiguous field. Arribas, 2011

  15. HARMONI Wavelength Ranges & Resolving Powers

  16. HARMONI Sensitivity • 20 mas spaxels provide best sensitivity for point sources • 40 mas spaxels best for extended sources

  17. JWST is not a competitor (complementary resolution) ☺ nor we can expect a synergy [MIRI and FGS/NIRISS @ Goddard NIRCAM and NIRSPEC in 2013]

  18. HIRES HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY Fiber spectrograph 2 res. Modes (15.000 – 150.000) 3 arms covering (0.32) 0.35-1.7 (2.4) micron High-throughput (>20%) 3-5’ FOV 10x multiplex for the low-res mode High-fidelity (few cm/s, S/N~200 in one exposure)

  19. HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY ESO Fiber spectrograph 2 res. Modes (15.000 – 150.000) 3 arms covering (0.32) 0.35-1.7 (2.4) micron High-throughput (>20%) 10x multiplex for the low-res mode High-fidelity (1 cm/s, S/N~200 in one exposure) HIRES

  20. HIRES HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES and COSMOLOGY SUMMARY Fiber spectrograph 2 res. Modes (15.000 – 150.000) 3 arms covering (0.32) 0.35-1.7 (2.4) micron High-throughput (>20%) 3-5’ FOV 10x multiplex for the low-res mode High-fidelity (1 cm/s, S/N~200 in one exposure)

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