1 / 22

Pesticide Safety & Toxicology

Pesticide Safety & Toxicology. Jim Jasinski IPM Program - OSUE. Pesticide 101. Read the Label!!! Find your use (or target) first Plant, house, lawn, tree Locate pest Hornworm, Aphid, Japanese Beetle Efficacy NOT Required Wear Personal Protective Equipment

natalie-mcmillan
Download Presentation

Pesticide Safety & Toxicology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Pesticide Safety & Toxicology Jim Jasinski IPM Program - OSUE

  2. Pesticide 101 • Read the Label!!! • Find your use (or target) first • Plant, house, lawn, tree • Locate pest • Hornworm, Aphid, Japanese Beetle • Efficacy NOT Required • Wear Personal Protective Equipment • Gloves, goggles, respirator, boots, etc

  3. Pesticide Safety • Applying • Apply pesticides under prescribed conditions • Not in the wind, not in the rain, not too cold or hot • At the proper plant stage: phytotoxicity, residue?? • Don’t transfer pesticides out of original container • Launder clothes in hot water w/ detergent X X X X

  4. Pesticide Safety • Follow the REI on label Restricted Entry Interval Time before you can re-enter treated area • Follow the PHI on label Pre-Harvest Interval Time before you can harvest or eat fruit or vegetables that have been treated

  5. Pesticide Safety • When spraying insecticides…. • Be aware of Bee’s • Spray late evening • Spray early morning • Avoid spraying when plants are flowering • Avoid using products (Sevin) and formulations known to harm bee’s if possible

  6. Pesticide Safety X • Disposal • Make not, Waste not • Spray excess material from sprayer according to label directions • Don’t flush down toilet, don’t put in sink or sewer • Save excess material for volume portion of next spray treatment • Triple rinse, puncture or wrap, dispose in trash • Take old or unknown product to Amnesty collection sites

  7. Layman’s Toxicology An Overview of Toxicology for Pesticide Applicators Developed by Don Mullins and Pat Hipkins Department of Entomology / Virginia Tech Pesticide Programs 1997

  8. Routes of Entry: Oral = Ingestion by mouth Dermal = Skin exposure Inhalation = Absorbed by lungs Ocular = Eye exposure

  9. Dermal Exposure Variable Rate of Absorption Area Rate* forehead 4.2 forearm 1.0 abdomen 2.1 palm 1.3 scrotum 11.8 ball of foot 1.8 *Absorption rate compared to forearm, which is 1.0 mjweaver,1997

  10. Toxic effects may occur: • during or soon after exposure (acute) • repeated exposures over a long time (chronic) In addition, some people may be especially sensitive (allergic) to a substance.

  11. Definitions: Acute Effects • Vomiting, Nausea • Dilation of pupils, blurred vision • Convulsions • Chills • Nervousness • Headaches

  12. Definitions: Chronic Effects • Carcinogens: • Cause cancer • Mutagens: • Cause mutations in an organism’s genetic material • Teratogens: • cause birth defects in offspring following exposure of a pregnant female

  13. Toxicity Measure: LD50 The LD50 is the dose of toxin that produces 50% mortality in a test population. LD50 is usually expressed in milligrams of toxin per kilogram of test animal body weight (mg/kg).

  14. LD50 Value and Toxic Effect Evaluating LD50’s • Small LD50 values = more toxic substance - Larger LD50 values = less toxic substance.

  15. Toxicity Comparisons: Acute toxicity measurements: Acute oral and/or LD = Lethal dose Acute dermal 50 (in mg / kg) in parts per million ( ppm ) Methoxychlor 6000 Malathion 1500 --- DDT 250 Lindane 125 Dieldrin 100------------- Parathion 3 -------------- 15 x 33 x

  16. Toxicity Measures and Lethal Dose: Oral LD50 Lethal Dose (mg toxin/kg body weight) (for an ‘average’ adult) 0 - 5 a drop or a pinch 5 - 50 a few drops to 1 teaspoon 50 - 500 1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon 500 - 5,000 1 ounce to 1 pint 5,000 - 15,000 1 pint to 1 quart > 15,000 > 1 quart

  17. Toxicity Measures and Signal Word: Acute Oral LD50 Signal Word 0 - 50 DANGER/POISON/PELIGRO (skull and crossbones) DANGER 50 - 500 WARNING 500 - 5,000 CAUTION > 5,000 CAUTION

  18. Toxicity Measures and Signal Word: Oregon State University Fact Sheet

  19. Toxicity Measures and Signal Word: Oregon State University Fact Sheet

  20. Sample Oral Toxicity Valuesfor Commonly-Used Insecticides: Pesticide Acute Oral LD50 (mg/kg - male rat) Permethrin >4,000 Bifenthrin/Esfenvalerate 50-70/450 malathion (various) 1,378 - 2,800 acephate (Orthene) 945 carbaryl (Sevin) 850 Imidacloprid 450 diazinon (DZN Diazinon) 300 - 400 metaldehyde 250 chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban) 135 - 163 parathion (Parathion) 3.6 - 13 terbufos (Counter) 1.6 The Agrochemical Handbook, Royal Society of Chemistry (1991)

  21. Sample Oral Toxicity Valuesfor Botanical-Derivative Insecticides Active Ingredient Acute Oral LD50 (mg/kg - rat) Oils >5,000 azadirachtin (neem) 5,000 synthetic pyrethroids 22 - 5,000 rotenone 39 - 1,500 ryania 1,200 pyrethrum 584 - 900 nicotine 50 - 60 *Soaps DNE *Bt DNE The Agrochemical Handbook, Royal Society of Chemistry (1991) and Agricultural Chemicals Book I: Insecticides (1994-95)

  22. Sample Oral Toxicity Valuesfor Commonly-Used Herbicides, etc.: Pesticide (Product) Acute Oral LD50 (mg/kg - male rat) dicamba (Banvel, Vanquish) 2,629 - 6,764 (salts) imazapyr (Arsenal) >5,000 glyphosate (Accord, RoundUp) 4,045 (salt) sodium chloride (table salt) 430 - 3,750 2,4-D (various) 666 - 805 (salt); 700 (ester) triclopyr (Garlon) 713 acetylsalicylic acid (asprin) 50-500 caffeine (coffee, tea, some sodas) 50 - 500 nicotine (tobacco products) 0.5 - 1.0 The Agrochemical Handbook, Royal Society of Chemistry (1991) Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products (1984)

More Related