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Understanding Angiosperms: The Evolution and Characteristics of Flowering Plants

Explore the fascinating world of angiosperms, or flowering plants, and learn about their defining features, evolution, parts of a flower, and unique fruits. Discover the distinctions between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, as well as the development of stems and vascular systems within these botanical classes.

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Understanding Angiosperms: The Evolution and Characteristics of Flowering Plants

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  1. Angiosperms: Flowering plants

  2. Angiosperms: Flowering plants Characteristics of Angiosperms (Division Anthophyta) Presence of complete or incomplete flowers Monocotyledonous or Dicotyledonous development Xylem and Phloem well defined within monocot or dicot arrangements. Presence of herbaceous or woody stems with monocot or dicot arrangement. Woody stems containing spring and summer wood. Presence of a pulpy or hard fruit that contains the developing embryonic structure of sporophytic nature, which arises from the gametophyte during the alternation of generations.

  3. Male flowers Female Flowers Female Flowers Magnified

  4. II. Angiosperms’ Evolutionary Timeline • Angiosperms arose during the Mesozoic era, according to the fossil record • During the disappearance of the greatest concentration of cycadeoids, angiosperms began differentiating and becoming more numerous during the end of the era. • They continued to spread and further differentiated as animal pollinators became adapted to specific angiosperm species. • D. This continued with the greater diversity of animal • differentiation as it evolved simultaneously.

  5. III. Parts of a Flower

  6. Parts of a Flower..(Cont.) • Petals – showy part of the flower • Sepals – green bud covering over flower • Stamen – male part of the flower • Anther – pollen head • Filament – stalk that holds up the anther • Pistil - female part of the flower • Stigma – platform where pollen lands • Style – stalk that holds up the stigma • Ovary – contains the ovules • Ovule – structure which develops into embryos in the form of seeds

  7. Stamens from an Amaryllis Anther Filament

  8. Female Flower Parts Style Stigma Ovary (Squash)

  9. Typical Fruits Apple Orange • Tomato Pepper

  10. More Fruits you probably didn’t suspect! Cashew Walnut Chestnut Acorn

  11. Okra Squash Even More Fruits! Corn Cucumber

  12. Fruit The Stem attaches the flower and then the fruit to the branch it develops on. Stem

  13. Monoc0ts vs. Dicots Monocots Dicots • Flower parts in multiples of 3 • Parallel venation • Vascular bundles arranged throughout stem • One cotyledon (seed leaf) Flower parts : Multiples of 4 or 5 Net venation Vascular bundles mostly around edge of stem Two cotyledons (seed leaves) How many petals here? Three! How many petals here? Five!

  14. Typical monocots • Lily • Grasses • Palm Trees • Wheat • Orchids

  15. Typical dicots • Oaks • Roses • Buttercups • Hibiscus • Red Maple

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