A Survey of Forwarding Strategies for WSN’s

1. A Survey of Forwarding Strategies for WSN’s Akshay Bhole Subhani Basha Peta Meena Krishnappa CEN 5531 - Mobile Computing Fall 2006

2. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Supply Chain Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

3. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Supply Chain Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

4. Introduction Motivation • Search for efficient path from Source to Sink • Traditional Methods • Minimize Transmissions • Maximize end-to-end delivery • No focus on Energy Efficiency • Energy Efficiency gives better Trade-off between Delivery Rate & Required Energy

5. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Supply Chain Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

6. TraditionalMethods • Hop Based Forwarding • Optimal Hop Based Forwarding • PRR Based Forwarding • MT Forwarding • Er based Forwarding

7. Traditional Methods Hop Based Forwarding • Idea • Establish reverse path using a hop counter • Packets are forwarded along the reverse path with decreasing hop counters • Drawback • Neighboring nodes may have lossy links • Neighboring node might be too far away • Many retransmissions might be necessary

8. Traditional Methods PRR Based Forwarding • Idea • Downgrade neighbor nodes having low hop counter and poor links • Forwarding nodes selection based on • Distance • Link Quality • Selection of best forwarder done by minimizing

9. Traditional Methods MT Forwarding • Idea • Minimize the overall packet transmissions along the source-to-sink path. • Drawback • delivery rate not considered • might not be the most energy-efficient forwarding strategy for • Re-Transmissions ≠∞

10. Traditional Methods Er based Forwarding Idea Focus on the end-to-end delivery rate and attempts to maximize Eir Drawback Doesn’t work well with Multi-Link Forwarding Strategies

11. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Supply Chain Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

12. Energy Efficient Forwarding Energy Efficient Forwarding • Idea • To find the most energy-efficient forwarding path in the network • Types of Energy Efficient Forwarding Schemes • Single Link • Multi Link • How is it done? • Forwarding Set – Identify Potential Forwarding nodes • Node that maximizes Eieffis selected as the forwarder • End-to-End reception rate and Energy is taken into account

13. Energy Efficient Forwarding Comparison of Single-Link & Multi-Link

14. Energy Efficient Forwarding Traditional v/s EEF Influence of Node Density

15. Energy Efficient Forwarding Traditional v/s EEF Influence of contention probabilities

16. Energy Efficient Forwarding Traditional v/s EEF Influence of receiving energy costs

17. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Supply Chain Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

18. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Factors to be considered while designing routing protocols • Energy Conservation • Network Lifetime • End-to-End Delivery Rate • Do Shortest Path algorithms provide a good solution?

19. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme Energy Efficient Routing Algorithms LEAR(AODV) : Local Energy Aware Routing based on AODV PAR(AODV) : Power Aware Routing based on AODV LPR(AODV) : Lifetime Prediction Routing based on AODV

20. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme Ad-hoc On-demand distance vector routing (AODV) Do you have a route to destination?

21. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme Ad-hoc On-demand distance vector routing (AODV) Reverse Path Established

22. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme LEAR – AODV • Routing Metric – Remaining Battery Life (Er) Is Er >  ?

23. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme LEAR – AODV • Routing Metric – Remaining Battery Life (Er) Reverse path Established

24. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme Experimental Results Fixed Nodes :

25. Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme Mobile Nodes :

26. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Supply Chain Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

27. Supply Chain Forwarding What is Supply chain ?

28. Supply Chain Scheme Supply Chain Forwarding • Different Strategies: • Push Strategies • Pull Strategies • Hybrid Strategies

29. Supply Chain Scheme Modeling Sensor Networks as Supply Chain Modeling Sensor Networks as Supply Chain

30. Supply Chain Scheme Routing Protocols Data Diffusion – Pull strategy Spin – Push Strategy

31. Supply Chain Scheme System Model

32. Supply Chain Scheme Parts of the Network Manufacture Area: Data Collection Data Aggregation Decision regarding the Forwarding scheme Transport Area: Zone Flooding Scheme

33. Supply Chain Scheme Parts of the Network

34. Supply Chain Scheme Novel Features • Sensor Field Partition is only conceptual and application dependent • Different Forwarding Mechanisms • Local Broadcasting in manufacture area • Zone Flooding in Transportation area • Unicast based routing in Warehouse area

35. Supply Chain Scheme Benefits • Scalable and flexible, and reduces the difficulty of designing a feasible overall routing scheme • Zone flooding scheme attempts to improve the energy efficiency of flooding by restricting the flooding range in the spatial domain and further improve the energy efficiency in the temporal domain • An energy-efficient cost metric can be used in the warehouse area to set up energy-efficient paths

36. Supply Chain Scheme Evaluation Metrics • Event Delivery Ratio (EDR) • Normalized Energy Consumption • End-to-End Delay • Average routing overhead

37. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Energy Efficient Dissemination Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

38. Comparison

39. Outline • Introduction • Traditional Forwarding Strategies • Energy Efficient Forwarding Scheme • Balanced Energy Consumption Scheme • Energy Efficient Dissemination Scheme • Comparison • Conclusion

40. References 1. Energy-Efficient Forwarding Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks Marcel Busse, Thomas Haenselmann, and Wolfgang Effelsberg Computer Science IV - University of Mannheim, Seminargeb¨aude A5 -68159 Mannheim, Germany WoWMoM’06 2. A Comparison of Lifetime-Efficient Forwarding Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks Marcel Busse, Thomas Haenselmann, and Wolfgang Effelsberg Computer Science IV, University of Mannheim Seminargeb¨aude A5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany PE-WASUN 06 3. A robust and energy-efficient data dissemination framework for wireless sensor networks Wei Liu · Yanchao Zhang · Wenjing Lou · Yuguang Fang Wireless Netw (2006) 4. New Routing for Balanced Energy Consumption in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks S.-M. Senouci, France Telecom R&D 2 Avenue Pierre Marzin, 22307, Lannion, France M. Naimi Department of Computer Science LICP EA 2175 University of Cergy-Pontoise, France PE-WASUN ‘05

41. Thank You!!