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고려대학교 산업시스템정보공학과 장 인 창 , 박 동 현

Age-related decline in color perception and difficulties With daily activities-measurement, questionnaire, Optical and computer-graphics simulation studies Keiko Ishihara et al. 고려대학교 산업시스템정보공학과 장 인 창 , 박 동 현 . Introduction Appearance of the Problem: - 고령화에 따른 색체지각 능력의 감소로 인한 문제 발생 .

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고려대학교 산업시스템정보공학과 장 인 창 , 박 동 현

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  1. Age-related decline in color perception and difficulties With daily activities-measurement, questionnaire, Optical and computer-graphics simulation studies Keiko Ishihara et al. 고려대학교 산업시스템정보공학과 장 인 창, 박 동 현

  2. Introduction • Appearance of the Problem: • -고령화에 따른 색체지각 능력의 감소로 인한 문제 발생. • 1) 노인들은 암 순응(dark adaptation)의 속도가 느려지고 그 수준이 감소. • 2) 수정체가 두꺼워지며 황색이 되어 청색광의 투과를 감소시킨다(sanders and McCormick, 1993). • 3) 그러므로, 색깔을 고르거나 맞추는데 곤란을 겪으며, 색상환(hue circle)의 다른 영역보다 청록색 및 적색 영역에서 • 오류가 많아진다(Verriest, Vandeyvere, Vanderdonck and Boyce, 1981).

  3. Transmittance less than 40% in elderly • Introduction (cont’d) • General Background: • -Affected by Factors that… • 휘도(luminance level), 대비(contrast), 노출시간(exposure • Time), 과녁이동(target movement), 연령(age), 훈련(training) • Goal: • (Ultimate aim) • suggest guideline for developing products for older adult. • (This study focused on…) • Graphics to simulate vision in the elderly.

  4. 2. Method • 2.1 visual difficulties of the elderly • 1> optical simulation by young subjects • 여학생(18세) 72명을 대상으로 노란색의 필터안경을 쓰고 일 • 상 생활에서 어떠한 문제점이 있는지를 연구하였다. • 2> survey of elderly subjects • -사전 실험과 기존연구를 토대로 총 10개의 Questionnaire를 만들었다(p. 155). • subjects: 각기 다른 지역에 사는 60세 이상 노인 1322(남: 584, 여:738)명 • four grade(never, sometimes, often, always)

  5. Questions… Q1: Do you have trouble in reading small print? Q2: Do you have trouble in seeing things because they appear hazy? Q3: Does it take time to adjust to bright lights? Q4: Does it take time to adjust to dim lighting? Q5: Are you dazzled if lights shine into your eyes from the side? Q6: Do you have trouble reading signs or identifying faces while walking? Q7: Do you bump into people or things to your side? Q8: Do you have difficulty telling whether the flame of a gas cooker is on or off? Q9: Do you have trouble pouring the correct quantity of water or oil into a glass or pan? Q10: Do you fail to notice a pedestrian traffic signal until it starts blinking?

  6. 2. Method(cont’d) • 2.2 Experiment on misjudgment of colors by the elderly • computer simulation was to simulate the color confusion identified • 1> subjects: 남자 6명(80~86세), 일상생활에 도움 없이 건강. • 2> Experimental design: • 34 stimuli (2 set of 17 combinations)를 제시 • 조도: 440~460 Lx • 자극제시시간 1s, 눈과 자극간의 거리 60~80cm • Without wearing glasses • Respond as “same” or “different colors”

  7. 2. Method(cont’d) • 2.2 Experiment on misjudgment of colors by the elderly • 3> stimulus • -10 colored tags on a piece of gray paper as a stimulus • 8 distracters – 애매한 색상들의 사각형 tag로 구성됨 • (Y - GY - G). • -2 targets – 원 tag

  8. White-yellow Blue-green Purple-brown Blue-black • 2. Method(cont’d) • 2.3 computer-graphics simulating how the elderly see • yellow filter실험보다 정확하고 유연성 있는 기법을 실시하기위해 computer graphics를 이용한 simulation을 사용. • apparatus: colorimeter • L*(lightness), a*(green/red), b*(blue/yellow): CIE color model • - the simulation made a converted image: identical color

  9. 3. Result and discussion • 3.1 Visual difficulties in daily activities of elderly • 1> optical simulation by young subjects(Problems) • -appearance of the colors changed (red changed to pink) • -difficult to discriminate between certain combinations of • colors(blue and dark) • liquid objects were difficult to see(gas flame, pour oil) • depth perception failed • electronic displays were difficult to read

  10. 3. Result and discussion(cont’d) 3.1 Visual difficulties in daily activities of elderly 2> survey of elderly subjects Cluster/factor analysis (c.f. Rubin) -Q1, Q2: focusing -Q3~Q5: adaptation -Q6: dynamic visual acuity -Q7: distance -Q8~Q10: yellowish vision

  11. 3. Result and discussion(cont’d) • 3.1 Visual difficulties in daily activities of elderly • 2> survey of elderly subjects • -answers: often-always • All questions are significant age effect • (Χ2test;p<.01, Q5;p<.05) • 3.2 Experiment on misjudgment of colors by the elderly • problematic color combinations • yellow/white, blue/green, dark blue/black, purple/dark red

  12. 3. Result and discussion(cont’d) • 3.3 computer-graphics simulating how the elderly see • computer-graphics simulation을 이용하여 yellowed • Vision을 가진 노인들이 구분할 수 없는 color를 미리 파악할 수 • 있다. Before after(simulated)

  13. 4. Conclusion • 노인들을 시각능력을 고려한 시각 디스플레이 설계의 • guidelines(LCD, traffic sign, map etc.). • guidelines를 통해 safety와 function을 향상. • 노령자를 고려한 vision설계는 모든 사람에게 이로운 것이다(Sanders, McCormick, 1993).

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