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Auguste Comte

Auguste Comte. Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte (28 January 1974 – 21 September 1859). Life. He was born in Montpellier, Hérault . He attended to the University of Montpellier.

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Auguste Comte

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  1. Auguste Comte IsidoreAuguste Marie François Xavier Comte (28 January 1974 – 21 September 1859)

  2. Life • He was born in Montpellier, Hérault. • He attended to the University of Montpellier. • He decided to move to Paris because he wasn’t able bear the differences with his Catholic and monarchist family. • He became a student and secretary to Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, who brought Comte into contact with intellectual society. • He married Caroline Massin in 1825 and divorced in 1842. • In 1826, he was taken to a mental health hospital, but left without being cured. • Some of his publications are “Religion of Humanity”, four volumes of “Système de politique positive”, and “La Synthèse Subjective”. • He dies from stomach cancer. His apartment is now conserved as the Maisond’Auguste Comte.

  3. “The law of Three Stages” Theological Metaphysical Positivity (Scientific Stage)

  4. Theological • Men and children failed to discover the natural causes of various phenomena and hence attributed them to supernatural or divine power. • He divided into 3 stages: • Fetishism: inanimate objects have living spirit in them (animism). • Polytheism: all natural forces are controlled by different Gods (God of water, God of rain, God of earth, etc.) • Monotheism: one God or God in one; attributing all to a single, supreme deity.

  5. Metaphysical • It’s the extension of the theological stage. • Refers to explanation by impersonal abstract explanation. • They believe that an abstract power or force guides and determines events in the world. • Metaphysical thinking discards belief in a concrete God. • Attempts to answer: • What is ultimately there? • What is it like?

  6. Positivity (Scientific Stage) Positivism states that the only authentic knowledge is that which allows verification and assumes that the only valid knowledge is scientific.

  7. Positivity (Scientific Stage) • It refers to scientific explanation based on observation, experiment, and comparison.  • Positive explanations rely upon a distinct method, the Scientific Method, for their justification. • The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. • Positivism is a purely intellectual way of looking at the world.

  8. Comte’s conclusions • He was conscious of the fact that the three stages of thinking may or do exist in the same society or in the same mind and may not always be successive. • Comte proposed a hierarchy of the sciences based on historical sequence. The simplest and most remote areas of knowledge — mechanical or physical — are the first to become scientific. • The sciences, then, according to Comte's "law", developed in this order:  • Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Psychology, Sociology. • A science of society is thus the "Queen science" in Comte's hierarchy. • ThroughSocial Science, Comte believed all human social ills could be remedied.

  9. Final Quote “Society, however, cannot be regarded as composed of individuals. The true social unit is the family; it is essentially on the plan of the family that society is constructed. In a family the social and the personal instincts are blended and reconciled; in a family, too, the principle of subordination and mutual co- operation is exemplified. The domestic is the basis of all social life. The modern tendency, therefore, to attack the institution of the family is an alarming symptom of social disorganization.” Comte, Auguste. Course of Positive Philosophy. 1830.

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