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Interferometers and Photometers

Learn about interferometers and photometers, instruments used to measure light spectra and intensity. Explore interference phenomena, Michelson-Morley Interferometers, Fabry-Perot Interferometer, and Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. Discover how these tools revolutionize scientific measurements.

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Interferometers and Photometers

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  1. Interferometers and Photometers Nathan Lee

  2. Photometers Fig. 1 [1]

  3. Uses of Photometers • Measuring Spectra • Measure Intensity of Light • Interferometers Fig. 2 [2]

  4. Interference • Differences in optical path length lead to interference in waves either constructive or destructive. Fig. 3 [3] Fig. 5 [3] Fig. 4 [3]

  5. Michelson-Morley Interferometers • Michelson-Morley Interferometers utilize a beam splitter and two mirrors • Relies on perfectly placed beam splitter and mirrors • Intensity at screen: [2] • Separation of fringes: [2] Fig. 6 [4] Fig. 7 [4]

  6. Fabry-Perot Interferometer • Uses a large number of waves to interfere instead of just two. [4] • Transmitted Intensity: [4] Fig. 9 [3] Fig. 10 [4] Fig. 8 [4]

  7. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory • This observatory uses interferometers to detect gravitational waves • Gravitation waves are tough to detect and require longer baselines for the interferometers Fig. 12 [5] Fig, 11 [5]

  8. Bibliography • [1] X-Rite- Optronik Services, ’Photometers’, 2005, p. 1-24 • [2] Pasco Scientific, ‘Educational Spectrophotometer Accessory Kit and Educational Spectrophotometer System’, 1998, p. 1-27 • [3] P. Hariharan, ‘Basics of Interferometry’, 2007, p. 3-12 • [4] A.C. Melissinos and J. Napolitano, ‘Experiments in Modern Physics’, 2003, p. 167-177 • [5] B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, et al, Rep. Prob. Phys. 72, 2009, p. 1-25

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