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Natural Language and Speech (parts of Chapters 8 & 9)

Natural Language and Speech (parts of Chapters 8 & 9). Natural Language in Computing. Use of human languages Translation Commands to computer Queries Text Database Searching Text generation Games. Commands to Computer. From computer-oriented to domain oriented

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Natural Language and Speech (parts of Chapters 8 & 9)

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  1. Natural Language and Speech (parts of Chapters 8 & 9)

  2. Natural Language in Computing • Use of human languages • Translation • Commands to computer • Queries • Text Database Searching • Text generation • Games

  3. Commands to Computer • From computer-oriented to domain oriented • May not be more efficient than selection • Speech recognition may help

  4. Natural Language Queries • Limited form of commands to computer • Actions able to be requested are database queries (searches) • Experienced users shorthand • Things aren’t as grim as Shneiderman makes it seem

  5. Text Database Searching • DB contains text as main content • Common goal is retrieval of relevant records using natural language question • Meaning vs matching • Statistical • Pre-processing • Information retrieval contests • Information Push, E-mail filtering

  6. Natural Language Text Generation • Output in text, frequently from data • Generation of poems and stories • Conversational systems

  7. Games • Command based games

  8. Speech Recognition, Digitization and Generation • Speech recognition progress is slow • Challenges – background noise, speaker variation • Drawbacks – human memory use • Benefits – accommodation of disabilities, environment/task requirements • Growth – now many products

  9. Discrete Word Recognition • Sentences spoken is slow deliberate manner – with words being discrete entities, rather than run together (continuous) • Not tolerable for most people • Discrete word recognition is easy • Continuous speech recognition is harder

  10. Speech Store and Forward • Store and forward spoken messages • Could be used for groupware – computer supported cooperative work

  11. Speech Generation • Very feasible – done all the time • Can be annoying / noisy • Valuable for handicapped • Completely computer generated vs human sounds pieced together vs stored words

  12. When to Use Speech • Message is simple • Message is short • Message will not be referred to later • Message deals with events in time • Message requires an immediate response • Visual channels of communication are overloaded • Environment is unsuitable for transmission of visual info • User must be free to move around

  13. Audio Tones and Music

  14. End Speech and Natural Language

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