1 / 24

Douglas McGregor –Theory X and Theory Y

Douglas McGregor –Theory X and Theory Y. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'.

nathanielw
Download Presentation

Douglas McGregor –Theory X and Theory Y

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Prepared By SumitMehta

  2. Douglas McGregor –Theory X and TheoryY • DouglasMcGregor,anAmericansocialpsychologist,proposedhis • famousX-Ytheoryinhis1960book'TheHumanSideOfEnterprise'. • Theory X and theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questionedtherigidityofthemodel,McGregor'sX-YTheoryremainsa validbasicprinciplefromwhichtodeveloppositivemanagementstyle andtechniques.

  3. TheoryXassumesautocraticmanagement.Thetheorysaysthatmanagersunder Theory X assume that most people are naturally lazy and need to be controlled andsupervised.Theythinkthatpeopleneedtobemotivatedallthetime.Oneof thenotionsthatTheoryXmanagershavetowardtheirpeopleisthattheyarenot verysmartandtheyneedgoodencouragementtodogoodwork. • Thisstyleofmanagementassumesthatworkers: • Dislikeworking. • Avoidresponsibilityandneedtobedirected. • Havetobecontrolled,forced,andthreatenedtodeliverwhat'sneeded. • Needtobesupervisedateverystep,withcontrolsputinplace. • Needtobeenticedtoproduceresults;otherwisetheyhavenoambitionor incentive towork. Theory X (AUTHORITARIANSTYLE)

  4. SomeofthemostnoticeablecharacteristicsofTheoryX • managersareautocraticbehavior. • The managers areresults-driven. • Theyareconcernedwiththecompletionofagiventask. • Theyissuedeadlinesforthecompletionofwork. Characteristics of Theory Xmanagers

  5. Themanagerslacktolerance.Theyareveryintolerantin • nature. • MostofthetheoryXmanagersdistancesthemselvesfrom workers.Theydonothavemuchofanattachmenttowith theiremployees. Characteristics of Theory Xmanagers

  6. TheoryXmanagersissuethreatsandwarningstomake • people follow theirinstructions. • Theydonotparticipateintheprocessofteambuilding. • Theyareunconcernedaboutthewelfareormoraleofthe employees. Characteristics of Theory Xmanagers

  7. Theyareone-waycommunicatorsandpoorlisteners. • Theywithholdrewardsandsuppresspayand remunerationlevels. Characteristics of Theory Xmanagers

  8. Theyarepooratdelegatingresponsibilitiesandthink • giving orders is delegatingresponsibility. • Theyholdontoresponsibilitybutshiftaccountabilityto subordinates. Characteristics of Theory Xmanagers

  9. Conversely, Theory Y assumes democratic management. The theory says that managers under Theory Y assume that most people like to work. The managers assume that they have self-control. They assume that people can motivatethemselvesandwanttodoagoodjob.Oneoftheimportantnotions thatTheoryYmanagershaveabouttheirpeopleisthattheyaresmart. • Thisstyleofmanagementassumesthatworkers: • Takeresponsibilityandaremotivatedtofulfilthegoalstheyaregiven. • Seekandacceptresponsibilityanddonotneedmuchdirection. • Considerworkasanaturalpartoflifeandsolveworkproblems imaginatively. • This more participative management style tends to be more widely applicable. In Y-Type organizations, people at lower levels of the organizationareinvolved indecisionmakingandhavemoreresponsibility. Theory Y (PARTICIPATIVESTYLE)

  10. Theory Y type of managers are quite the oppositeof TheoryX. • Even Theory Ymanagers are results-oriented, after all, but they areconcerned with not just the completion of work,buttheyassisttheirsubordinatesindoingthings. Characteristics of Theory Ymanagers

  11. Theory Y managers are very tolerant in nature. They toleratemistakesandtrytorectifythembyexplaining whatshouldnotbedoneandwhatneedstobedone. • Theory Y managers do not maintain a distance from their employees.Theybelieve in team effort andmovealongprovidingmotivationandencouragement to theteam. Characteristics of Theory Ymanagers

  12.  They do not threatenemployees for non-compliance. Instead, they explain the norms and complianceissuesandmakethemrealizethatinstructions areforthebettermentofwork. Characteristics of Theory Ymanagers

  13. Theyactivelyparticipateintheteambuildingprocessand makesurethateveryemployeeintheteamismotivated to become a betterperformer. • They are highlyconcerned about the welfare and moraleofemployees.Theytrytoidentify thegrievancesof theiremployeesand resolvethem,ifpossible. Characteristics of Theory Ymanagers

  14. Theyaregoodcommunicatorsandgoodlistenersandtake • suggestionsandconstructivecriticismseriously. • Theydonotwithholdanyrewardsandcompensationsto threatentheemployees.Theyalsopraisetheiremployeesfor their goodwork. Characteristics of Theory Ymanagers

  15. Theyareverygoodatdelegatingresponsibilities.Theynot onlygiveordersbutalsogivedirectionsandsuggestionsto complete thework. • Theyholdontoresponsibilityandalsoaccountabilityto themselves. Characteristics of Theory Ymanagers Prepared By SumitMehta

  16. Comparison- Theory X &Y

  17. WilliamG.Ouchi(born 1943)isanAmericanprofessorandauthorinthe field of business management. Ouchi first came to prominence for his studiesofthedifferencesbetweenJapaneseandAmericancompaniesand managementstyles. Hisfirstbookin1981summarizedhisobservations. TheoryZ:HowAmericanManagementCanMeettheJapaneseChallenge and was a New York Times best-seller for over five months. It currently ranksastheseventhmostwidelyheldbookofthe12milliontitlesheldin 4000 U.S.libraries. Hissecondbook,TheMFormSociety:HowAmericanTeamworkCan Recapture the Competitive Edge, examined various techniques implementing thatapproach. THEORY Z- WilliamOuchi

  18. OuchiproposedthataTheoryZmanagementapproachcouldleadto; • Greater employee jobsatisfaction • Lowerratesofabsenteeismandturnover • Higher qualityproducts • BetteroverallfinancialperformanceforU.S.firms. 18

  19. 12strategiestotransformatypicalAmericancompany,namedas typeAcompanytotypeZcompany. • Skepticshavetobeallowedtoexist. • Audit itsphilosophy. • Definedesiredphilosophyandbeabletoinvolvecompanyleaders. • Createstructureandincentiveinthecompany. • Develop interpersonalskills. • Testthemselvesandthesystem. • Stabilizeemployment. • Slow evaluation andpromotion. • Broadenthepeople’scareerpaths. • Working into thelower level. • Employeeparticipationisallowedindecisionmaking. • Createasenseoffamilybetweeneveryone. 19

  20. TheoryZessentiallyadvocatesacombinationofallthat'sbest about theory Y and modern Japanese management, which placesalargeamountoffreedomandtrustwithworkers,and assumes that workers have a strong loyalty and interest in team-working and the organisation. Theory Z also places more reliance on the attitude and responsibilities of the workers, whereas McGregor's XY theory is mainly focused on management and motivation from the manager's and organisation'sperspective. THEORYZ (JAPANESE MANAGEMENTSTYLE) 20

  21. Comparison & Contrast of ManagementTheorists 21

  22. Comparison & Contrast of ManagementTheorists 22

  23.  McGregor’s Theory X- (Authoritarian ManagementStyle) • –producesstrictandcontrollingsupervision •  McGregor’s Theory Y- (Participative ManagementStyle) • –associatedandparticipativesupervision • WilliamOuchi’sTheoryZ-(JapaneseManagementStyle) • –managersmustbemoresupportiveandtrustingoftheir employees, in order to receive the benefit of increased participationinthedecisionsof thecompany. GENERALIZATION: 23

  24. Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsTheory • McGregor’s Theory x and Theory y • Herzberg’s Two factortheory • WillaimOuchi’s Theory z • ERGTheory:- Existence, Relatedness,Growth • McClelland’s Theory ofNeeds • Goal Setting Theory ofMotivation • Reinforcement Theory ofMotivation • Equity Theory ofMotivation • Expectancy Theory ofMotivation Motivational theories 24

More Related