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Quantum Mechanics

Quantum Mechanics. Background. Remember, Bohr said the energy of electrons is quantized (only have specific amount of energy) Movement of electrons is how electromagnetic radiation, including light, is produced Bohr’s model only works for hydrogen . Background.

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Quantum Mechanics

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  1. Quantum Mechanics

  2. Background • Remember, Bohr said the energy of electrons is quantized (only have specific amount of energy) • Movement of electrons is how electromagnetic radiation, including light, is produced • Bohr’s model only works for hydrogen 

  3. Background • Light can have properties of waves & particles (electrons, too) • If electrons were wavelike & restricted to certain orbits of fixed size, only certain frequencies & energies would be allowed

  4. Background • Schrödinger provided a mathematical model with an equation to explain electron behavior as waves • Said location of an electron could be found with 90% accuracy

  5. Background • Electrons can be studied as particles or waves, but not both at the same time • Scientists struggled to more accurately provide exact location of a moving electron • The problem was finally solved… position & momentum of a moving object (an electron) cannot be measured & known exactly (Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle)

  6. Quantum Mechanical Model • Modern day model of the atom – The Quantum Mechanical Model • Electrons exist in orbitals – regions around a nucleus of an atom where an e- with a given energy is likely to be found • Orbitals have characteristic shapes, sizes, and energies but do not describe how the e- actually moves • Principal Energy Levels (n) - Sublevels (s, p, d, f) - Orbitals - Electrons (spin clockwise or counterclockwise)

  7. Quantum Mechanical Model

  8. Quantum Mechanical Model • Electrons can be found in various orbitals about 90% of the time • S sublevel has 1 orbital, P has 3 orbitals – Px, Py, Pz

  9. Quantum Mechanical Model • d sublevels

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