Dynamics of Care in Society Human Growth & Development

1. Dynamics of Care in Society Human Growth & Development

2. Human Growth & Development Objectives …List factors influencing growth & development in humans. …Describe major developments for each stage of life. …Explain Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief …Compare Developmental Theories of Erikson, Havighurst & Freud …Describe the levels of Maslow Hierarchy of basic human needs. …Recognize and describe the stages of grief

3. DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES • Embryo (0-8 weeks gestation) • Fetus (8 weeks – birth) • Neonate (birth to 1 month) • Infant (1 month to 1 year) • Toddler (1-3 years) • Preschool child (3-6 years) • School-aged child (6-12 years) • Adolescent (12-18 years) • Young adult (18-40 years) • Middle-aged adult (40-65 years) • Older adult (>65 years) Watch: Baby Steps

5. Factors Influencing Growth and Development Heredity Prenatal factors (ex: mother’s age/health/nutrition during pregnancy) Caregiver factors (ex: physical or mental illness, support system) Individual differences (ex: vision & hearing impairments) Child’s health or illness and access to health care Environment (ex: culture, poverty, climate) Nutrition Other relationships (siblings, extended family, friends, teachers…)

6. People with Developmental Disabilities – • Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas. These conditions begin during the developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a person’s lifetime. • These include: • ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, intellectual disability, learning disability, vision impairment, and others…

7. Motor experience may be limited because of physical, psychological, or sociological issues. • They may exhibit characteristics of a certain stage -even though their chronological age may be older. • They may have normal physical development, but have significant delays in cognitive or emotional development.

8. PIES PHYSICAL Involves the actual growth of all body tissues Bones, muscles, organs and body systems become bigger and able to perform more complex actions Fine motor skills – based on the growth of small muscles Gross motor skills – based on the growth of large muscles INTELLECTUAL Learning depends on brain growth and stimulation of the brain and central nervous system by the five senses Brain growth during the earliest years of life is critical to cognitive development (ability to understand and learn)

9. PIES EMOTIONAL Emotional development is the process of developing positive feelings about oneself, family, friends and the world. Every child is born with a temperament (sensitive, placid, aggressive) Children need to develop a full range of feelings and learn to handle the feelings appropriately SOCIALSocial development progresses from being completely self-centered and dependent as an infant to becoming an independent adult Mature social skills include being able to make and keep friends, form intimate relationships, get along with others, function as an individual and as part of a team.

10. PIESprezi PIES in adulthood

11. Dynamics Development Paper Doll – in class project 1. Life Stage & age range 1 6. Key Emotional Development Features 2. Key Cognitive/Intellectual Features 6 3 2 3. Key Physical Development Features 5. Key Social Development Features Create outline of stage shape 10 points each area (min 2 facts each stage) 20 points time & effort evident (easy to read, visually appealing, accurate information) 4. Fun Fact for this stage 4 5 7. Erikson’s theory of development stage with key facts

12. 1. Life Stage & age range 2. Key Cognitive/Intellectual Features Or make 7 paper dolls, each one containing features 4. Fun Fact for this stage 3. Key Physical Development Features 7. Erikson’s theory of development stage with key facts 5. Key Social Develop-ment Features 6. Key Emotional Development Features

13. THEORIES • OF • DEVELOPMENT

14. ErikErikson Erickson = E = Erik  Erickson  Eight stages   Emotional dev • Successful completion of a prior phase is necessary to transitioning into a subsequent one. • Each of 8 stages is characterized by key issues that must be resolved • These goals are influenced by environment & significant others • Each stage is also characterized by a life-stage virtue, which is the outcome when this occurs successfully. Ex: Adam presently is at Erikson’s “infant stage.” The challenges it presents are “basic trust” versus “mistrust” of primary caregivers. The child must have confidence that caregivers are reliable and will respond to her/his needs. When successfully resolved this stage results in “hope.”

15. ErikErikson • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGFKAfixHJs

16. RobertHavighurst • Believed that • Living & growing are based on learning • A person must learn continuously in order to adjust to changes in society • Learned behaviors are noted as developmental tasks at certain periods of life.

17. Robert Havighurst Six Major Stages in human life Infancy & early childhood (Birth - 6 years old) Middle childhood (6–13 years old) Adolescence (13–18 years old) Early Adulthood (19–30 years old) Middle Age (30-60years old) Later maturity (60 years old and over)

18. Robert Havighurst Three sourcesfor Developmental Tasks: Tasks that arise from physical maturation: Learning to walk, talk, control of bowel and urine, behaving in an acceptable manner to opposite sex, adjusting to menopause. Tasks that arise from personal values: Choosing an occupation, figuring out ones philosophical outlook. Tasks that have their source in the pressures of society: Learning to read, learning to be responsible citizen.

19. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) • Identified that underlying human behavior is sexuality (aka “Libido”) • His series of developmental stages are based on sexual motivation.

20. During each stage, an unsuccessful completion means that a child becomes fixated on that particular erogenous zone and either over– or under-indulges once he or she becomes an adult. Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development

21. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Basic needs must be met, at least at a minimum level, before other needs can be considered…

23. Just FYI Changes to the original five-stage model are highlighted & expanded in the 1970s 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Social Needs - Belongingness and Love, - work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs - self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Cognitive needs - knowledge, meaning, etc. 6. Aesthetic needs - appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc. 7. Self-Actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. 8. Transcendence needs - helping others to achieve self actualization

24. Death and Dying Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, a Swiss-born American psychiatrist, pioneered the concept of providing psychological counseling to the dying. In her first book, On Death and Dying (published in 1969), she described five stages she believed were experienced by those nearing death—denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. She also suggested that death be considered a normal stage of life, and offered strategies for treating patients and their families as they negotiate these stages. Watch Death & Dying Clip

25. THE FIVE STAGES OF GRIEFwas first introduced by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying. • Denial "I feel fine."; "This can't be happening, not to me." Denial is usually only a temporary defense for the individual. • Anger "Why me? It's not fair!"; "How can this happen to me?“ • Bargaining "Just let me live to see my children graduate."; "I'll do anything for a few more years."; "I will give my life savings if..."

26. THE FIVE STAGES OF GRIEF continued • Depression "I'm so sad, why bother with anything?"; "I'm going to die... What's the point?"; "I miss my loved one, why go on?“ • Acceptance "It's going to be okay."; "I can't fight it, I may as well prepare for it." The individual begins to come to terms with their mortality or that of their loved one. • Kübler-Ross originally applied these stages to people suffering from terminal illness, later to any form of catastrophic personal loss (job, income, freedom). • These steps do not necessarily come in the order, nor are all steps experienced by all patients. • Often, people will experience several stages in a "roller coaster" effect—switching between two or more stages - before working through it.