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电力工业大气污染控制与减排技术

电力工业大气污染控制与减排技术. 管一明 国电科学技术研究院 国电环境保护研究院 GUODIAN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE STATE POWER ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE. Technology of Air Pollutant Control in Electric Power Industry. 2013 年 10 月. 内容提要. 政策法规要求. 1. 主要控制技术. 电力工业大气污染排放与控制现状. 2. 3. Abstract.

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电力工业大气污染控制与减排技术

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  1. 电力工业大气污染控制与减排技术 管一明 国电科学技术研究院 国电环境保护研究院 GUODIAN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE STATE POWER ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION RESEARCH INSTITUTE Technology of Air Pollutant Control in Electric Power Industry 2013年10月

  2. 内容提要 政策法规要求 1 主要控制技术 电力工业大气污染排放与控制现状 2 3 Abstract Requirement of Policy and Law Air Pollutant Control Status Main Control Technology

  3. 火电厂是否 达到环保要求？ 火电厂是否 达到环保要求？ 环境影响评价 总量控制 经济政策 排放标准 技术选择 1 政策法规要求 Requirement of Policy and Law 火电厂达到环保要求的“准绳” "Principle"of Coal-Fired Power Plant Need to Meet Total Amount Control Environmental Impact Assessment Can the Coal-Fired Power Plant Meet the Requirements of Environmental Protection? Technology Selection Emission Standard Economic Policy

  4. 1 政策法规要求 Requirement of Policy and Law • 法律类—火电厂大气污染物排放标准浓度要求 • 行政类—国务院节能减排规划、国家环保规划、能源发展规划等提出的总量控制、绩效要求等 • 经济类—包括行政性和市场性，如：排污收费；环保电价；排污权交易；税收；财政补贴。。。 Law: Concentration Requairment Emission Standard of Air Pollutants Concentration For Coal-Fired Power Plant Administration:Total Amount Control and Pollutant Emission per KWh National Energy-Saving Emission Reduction Planning 、 National Environmental Protection Planning、 Energy Development Planning Economy:Administration and Marketing DischargeCharges; Environmental Electric Price; Emissions Trading; Tax; Fiscal Subsidy

  5. 1 政策法规要求 Requirement of Policy and Law 烟尘排放标准的发展 Development of Dust Emission Standard EmissionConcentration of Dust Year

  6. 1 政策法规要求 Requirement of Policy and Law SO2排放标准的发展 Development of SO2 Emission Standard EmissionConcentration of SO2 Year

  7. 1 政策法规要求 Requirement of Policy and Law NOx排放标准的发展 Development of NOxEmission Standard EmissionConcentration of NOx Year

  8. 政策法规要求 1 主要控制技术 电力工业大气污染排放与控制现状 2 3 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status Requirement of Policy and Law Requirement of Policy and Law Air Pollutant Control Status Air Pollutant Control Status Main Control Technology Main Control Technology

  9. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status 发电装机10.56亿千瓦 1978－2011年全国发电装机及发电量增长情况 发电量47217亿千瓦时 Installed Capacity :10.56 TW Generating Capacity of 47217TWh

  10. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status Wind Power Solar Power and Others Nuclear Power Hydropower Thermal Power 2012年底全国全口径发电装机结构情况 National Overall Power Installed Structure(2012)

  11. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status 2.26g/kWh 2.4g/kWh 0.39g/kWh 883万t 948万t 151万t 烟尘排放量 Dust Emissions SO2排放量 SO2 Emissions NOX排放量 NOXEmissions 节能减排成效—2012年排放水平 Effectiveness of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction-Emission Levels of 2012

  12. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status 2005-2012年二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟尘排放变化 SO2 、NOX 、Dust Emission (2005-2012) Emission /10000t Installed capacity /10000KW FGD DeNOX SO2 NOX Dust Year

  13. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status 2005-2012年电力烟尘排放情况 Dust Emission From Power of 2005-2012 • 2012年全国电力烟尘排放约151万吨。 • Dust Emission of Power Industry :1.51M tons（2012）. • 2012年的单位火电发电量烟尘排放量均为0.4克/千瓦时。 • Generating Capacity of Dust Emissions :0.4 g /kWh（2012）.

  14. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status Emission (10000t) Pollutant Emission per KWh ( g / kWh) 全国及电力二氧化硫排放情况 SO2 Emission of National and Power Industry 2012年电力二氧化硫883万吨，排放绩效均为2.3克/千瓦时，好于美国2011年水平（2.8克/千瓦时）。 In 2012,Sulfur Dioxide Emissions :8830000 tons;Pollutant Emission per KWh:2.3 g / kWh, better than the level in the United States (2.8 g / kWh) in 2011 .

  15. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status Percentage /% Installed capacity /0.1T 烟气脱硫机组投运情况 Opreation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Units 2012年烟气脱硫机组达到6.75亿千瓦，占煤电机组容量的比例约为90%，比2011年的美国高约30个百分点。 In 2012, FGD Units Reaching 6.75 TW Account for 90%, 30% Higher Than the Level of United States in 2011.

  16. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status Pollutant Emission per KWh(g / kWh ) Emission (10000t) 全国及电力氮氧化物排放情况 NOX Emission of National and Power Industry • 电力氮氧化物排放量：2012年948万吨 • Nitrogen Oxide Emissions of Power:9.48M tons • 氮氧化物排放绩效： 2012年2.4克/千瓦时 • Nitrogen Oxides Emission :2.4 g / kWh

  17. 2 电力工业大气污染物排放与控制现状 Air Pollutant Control Status Installed capacity /10MW DeNOX Percentage /% 烟气脱硝机组投运情况 Operation of Flue Gas DeNOx Unit • 烟气脱硝机组：2012年底2.3亿千瓦，占火电的28.1%，规划和在建超过5亿千瓦 • Flue Gas DeNOx Unit:2.30TW，accounting for 28.1% of Thermal Power • Planning and Underconstruction: More Than 5TW

  18. 政策法规要求 1 主要控制技术 电力工业大气污染排放与控制现状 2 3 3 主要控制技术 Main Control Technology Requirement of Policy and Law Air Pollutant Control Status Main Control Technology

  19. 脱硫技术 3 主要控制技术 Main Control Technology 除尘技术 Dust Removal Technology 关键技术 脱硝技术 Key Technology Denitrification Desulfurization

  20. 3.1 除尘技术 Dust Removal Technology 除尘技术发展过程 Development of Dust Removal Technology 1973~1991 起步阶段 多管、文丘里、斜棒栅除尘器为主 Multi tube,Venturi, Inclined Bar Dust Collector Mostly 1991~1996 成长阶段 电除尘器迅速推广，成为 主力除尘设备 ESP began to develop rapidly 1996~2003 成熟阶段 电除尘普及，袋式除尘器取得试验性成功 ESP was Popular.Test of Bag Filter Succeed 2003—Now 成熟阶段 电除尘器占95%，袋式及电袋除尘器份额增加 ESP: 95%;Bag Filter and Electrostatic Bag Precipitator Begin to Account for Increasingly Proportion

  21. 3.1 除尘技术 Dust Removal Technology 现阶段典型技术性能 Typical Technology Performance

  22. 3.1 除尘技术 Dust Removal Technology

  23. 3.1 除尘技术 Dust Removal Technology 新技术展望 Prospect of New Technology • 绕流式电除尘器 • Flow Type Electric Precipitator 本体方面 Construction • 气流改向式电除尘器 • Airflow Turning-round Electric Precipitator • 膜式电除尘器 • Membrane Type Electric Precipitator 新技术 NewTechnology • 湿式电除尘器 • WESP 电源方面 Power Supply • 高频电源 • High Frequency Power Supply

  24. 3.2 脱硫技术 Desulfurization Technology 脱硫技术发展过程 Development of Desulfurization Technology 1991~1996 自主研发阶段 亚钠循环法、简易湿法、磷铵肥法等 Independent Research and Development Stage: Sodium Sulfite Circulation Method, Simplified Wet Method, Ammonium Phosphate Fertilizer Method, etc. 1997~2003 引进示范阶段 石灰石-石膏、电子束、海水、炉内喷钙等 Stage of Introduction and Demonstration: Technics of Limestone-gypsum 、Electron Beam、seawater、 Limestone Furnace Injection , etc. 2004~2012 快速发展阶段 石灰石-石膏湿法技术成熟，得到大规模推广 Rapid Development Stage:Wet Limestone - Gypsum is Mature and Popularized . 2012年以后 高性能资源化阶段 高效率、高可靠性、资源化等改进和新技术Higher-Performance Resource Stage:High Efficiency High Reliability、Economic and Energy Saving New Method

  25. 3.2 脱硫技术 Desulfurization Technology 现阶段典型技术比例 Proportion of Typical Technology in Present stage Seawater CFB Ammonium Others Limestone-gypsum 2012年底全国已投运烟气脱硫机组中各种脱硫方法所占比例情况 Proportion of Various Desulphurization Methods Which Have Been Put into the Operation of the Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit （2012）

  26. 3.2 脱硫技术 Desulfurization Technology 现阶段典型技术性能 Typical Technology Performance of Present Stage

  27. 3.2 脱硫技术 Desulfurization Technology 技术展望 Prospect of New Technology 石灰石(石灰)－石膏、海水法、氨法、循环流化床 Technics of Limestone-Gypsum 、Seawater、Ammonia Method、CFB 传统技术升级 Upgrade of Traditional Technology 有机胺脱硫技术、活性焦脱硫技术、生物脱硫技术等 Organic Amine Desulfurization Technology Active Coke Desulfurization Technology Biological Desulfurization Technology 资源化技术 ResourceTechnology 脱硫脱硝一体化技术等 FGD Integration etc. 多污染物控制技术 Multi Pollutant Control Technology

  28. 3.3 脱硝技术 Denitrification Technology 脱硝技术发展过程 Development of Denitrification Technology 1991~2003 Study on the Formation Mechanism of NOx from Coal-Fired Power Plant Introduce First Generation of Low NOx Burners 氮氧化物生成机理研究 第一代低氮燃烧技术引进 2003~2010 脱硝技术引进 第二、三代低氮燃烧技术 Introduction of Denitrification Technology Second and Third Generation of Low NOx Burners 2010~2020 成熟的SCR烟气脱硝技术大规模应用 Mature SCR Flue Gas Denitration Technology Rapidly Applicated.

  29. 3.3 脱硝技术 DenitrificationTechnology 现阶段NOX减排的主要技术 Main Technology of NOX Emission Reduction in the Present Stage 低氮燃烧 Low NOX Combustion 烟气脱硝　 SCR SNCR＋SCR 降低NOX 主要措施 Main Method to Reduce NOX 炉膛喷射脱硝 SNCR

  30. 3.3 脱硝技术 Denitrification Technology 低氮燃烧技术性能 Performance of Low Nitrogen Combustion Technology Low Low Low Low Low Long Long Long Longer Longer

  31. 3.3 脱硝技术 DenitrificationTechnology NOx治理技术性能 Technical Performance of NOx Reduction

  32. 谢 谢！ Thank you!

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