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The Era of Progressive Reform

The Era of Progressive Reform. Background (Late 1800s) Gov’t Fails to Solve Problems Industrial/Urban Problems - unemployment, unsafe work conditions, political corruption, immigration. II. Progressive Movement Begins. A. Reform Industrial/Urban Problems 1. Loose Group of Alliances

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The Era of Progressive Reform

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  1. The Era of Progressive Reform Background (Late 1800s) Gov’t Fails to Solve Problems Industrial/Urban Problems - unemployment, unsafe work conditions, political corruption, immigration

  2. II. Progressive Movement Begins • A. Reform Industrial/Urban Problems • 1. Loose Group of Alliances • - socialists, populists, natives, prohibitionists, charity/social gospel/settlement movements • B. Visionaries for Reform • 1. Henry George “progress and Poverty” 1879 • 2. Edward Bellamy “looking Backward” 1888

  3. C. Objectives of Progressivism • 1. Government must regulate economy • 2. Gov. is responsible for human welfare • 3. Gov must protect workers • D. Progressive Methods (Systematic) • 1. Use Scientific Data and Expert Testimony • 2. Publicize results and pressure legislators • 3. Alert public to wrong doing • - journalist write articles (muckrakers)

  4. III. Progressive Legislative Impact (Levels) • A. Urban (City) Reform • 1. Easiest to Reform • 2. Register voters, better city and public health services, enforced Tenement codes • 3. Regulated city monopolies, control of utilities • 4. Provided Welfare service

  5. B. State Reform • 1. Factory safety regulations • 2. Direct Primary • 3. Established Labor Department • 4. Accidental Insurance and Compensation system • 5. Abolished Child Labor • 6. Minimum wages-children and women

  6. C. Federal reform • 1. Work “Arbitration” enacted • 2. Sherman Anti-Trust Act enforced “holding companies” regulated • 3. Environmental Protection • 4. Labor Bureaus- aid women and child. • 5. 18th Amendment-Prohibition 1919

  7. IV. Progressive Impact on National Politics • A. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 • 1. Republican Leader of Reform • 2. Picked william Howard Taft as successor • - Taft resists reform

  8. B. Ballinger- Pinchot Affair • 1. Ballinger (Taft sec of Interior) • 2. Pinchot (Taft’s Forest Service Head) • 3. Ballinger specialland/coal deal • - Pinchot fired Ballinger resigns • C. TR and Reform Republicans • 1. TR against anti-Reform Rep • 2. Rep lose seats (Congress) to Dem. • 3. TR starts Progressive “Bull Mousse” Party

  9. D. Pres. Election of 1912 ( 4 candidates) • 1. Eugene Debs-Socialist • 2. William Taft-Republican • 3. T. Roosevelt- Bull Moose Progressive • 4. Woodrow Wilson-Democrat • - Wilson wins and also 2nd term in 1916

  10. V. Legacy and End of Progressive Reform • A. Progressive for many-not all • 1. Blacks, tenant and migrants ignored • 2. US imposed will on other nations • 3. 1914 war(Europe) overshadows • Reform/s ends in 1916

  11. VI. Women suffrage • A. Started in 1848 at Seneca falls, NY • 1. 1890 National American Woman suffrage association organized • 2. 1890 women rights • - could buy, sell and will property • B. Women organize in 1900 • 1. Many vocal, picket, arrested • 2. Anti-suffrage opposition organizes

  12. C. Suffrage strategy (2 choices) • 1. Constitutional Amendment • 2. Individual state permission to vote • D. Movement grows to victory • 1. 1910 women vote more acceptable • 2. 1917 war-women contribution big • 3. 1918 Congress proposes Amendment • 4. 1920 (Aug 26) 19th Amendment • Women’s suffrage enacted • - took 72 years from Seneca meetings

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