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World War I

World War I. The Home Front & Global Peacemaker. Wartime Economy. War required money the government did not have Liberty Bonds – sold to American public to raise funds for war People bought them to be patriotic Raised $20 Billion

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World War I

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  1. World War I The Home Front & Global Peacemaker

  2. Wartime Economy • War required money the government did not have • Liberty Bonds – sold to American public to raise funds for war • People bought them to be patriotic • Raised $20 Billion • Some industries at home had to switch from commercial goods to war goods • Even if the company was not interested in it • EX: Ford Motor Company started making tanks • Unions limited disputes in war industries

  3. Patriotic Propaganda

  4. Wartime Economy • Lever Food and Fuel Control Act • Gave president power to control production and distribution of food and fuel vital to war effort • Limited consumption and raised production • Sponsored gasless days to save fuel • Began Daylight Savings Time to save energy

  5. Return to Nativism and Enforcing Loyalty • A return of nativism and xenophobia • Anti-German sentiment • Sometimes ended in violence • Spread of information was controlled by the government during the war • Censorship of press • Banned movies and publications • Formation of the Committee on Public Information • Rally support for the war

  6. Nativism and Enforcing Loyalty • Disloyalty was made illegal, regardless of 1st Amendment rights • Espionage Act • Illegal to interfere with the draft • Sedition Act • Illegal to obstruct the sale of Liberty Bonds • Illegal to discuss anything “disloyal” about government, Constitution, or armed forces

  7. Changing Roles • Children and young men joined military style organizations • EX: Scouts • African Americans moved north to search for work • Great Migration • Women also went to work in greater numbers than ever before • 400,000 joined the industrial workforce

  8. Wilson’s Postwar Peace Plans • The Fourteen Points • Wilson’s plan for peace in postwar Europe • End to secret treaties • Removal of trade barriers • Reduction of military forces • League of Nations

  9. League of Nations • Organization of nations to ensure peace and global security • Article 10 - An attack on one nation in the League was an attack on all • Opposed by Congress for fear of getting dragged into many wars • Many nations joined, but never the US • Wilson tried diligently, even going on tour • The precursor to the United Nations

  10. The Peace Treaty • Treaty of Versailles • A New Map of Europe– 9 new nations made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia • Reparations – Germany made to pay $33 Billion to Allies for damage caused • Signed on June 28 1919 • League of Nations formed despite lack of US involvement

  11. Comparing Maps

  12. Postwar • Economic and physical devastation in Europe • Rise of the US to a major world power • Troops returned home with a difficult readjustment • Lack of jobs • Women stopped working to make way for them • African Americans were given a hero’s welcome but then shunned in society • No jobs • Lack of equal rights

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