The Immune & Respiratory Systems

1. The Immune & Respiratory Systems Warm-up:

2. “The human body is protected by both its skin and the by the lymph and immune systems. Every day it is open to attack from two types of hostility. One is external: the daily battle against physical harm and lingering germs. The other adversaries are within, such as germs that have gained entry, and the body’s own cells which can set up diseases such as cancers. The immune system fights wars on both fronts. Its chief troops are robing white blood cells. Their transport and supply networks use the blood as well as the fluid, vessels, and nodes (glands) of the lymphatic system.” Lymph and Immunity—the human body book

3. The body system that removes harmful organisms from the blood and combats pathogens. • Made up of lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, the thymus gland, and the spleen. The Immune/Lymphatic System

4. Protects your body from pathogens (a germ that causes disease) and provides immunity to disease. • The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels and tissues that move and filter lymph (a clear liquid that surrounds body cells and circulates in lymph vessels). • Lymph contains water and proteins. It also contains fats and specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes. How the Immune system works

5. Lymphocytes protect the body against pathogens. • There are two types of lymphocytes: • B cells– multiply when they come in contact with a pathogen. • Produce antibodies or defense proteins. • Create an immune system response by preventing a 2nd attack of the same disease. • T cells – there are two main types; they multiply and enlarge when they come in contact with a pathogen. • Killer cells – release toxins that prevent infections from spreading. • Helper cells – activates both the B cells and killer T cells; they control the body’s immune system. How the Immune system works

6. How lymph circulation works

7. Spleen • Largest of the lymph organs. • Acts as a store for some types of lymphocytes. • Major site for filtering blood. • Thymus gland • Site of maturations of T-cells. • T-cells develop from stem cells. • Tonsils – help to fight infections; help guard against inhaled microbes. • Adenoids – help filter incoming air and destroy microorganisms. Shrink as you get older. • Appendix – function unknown. Organs of the lymphatic system

9. Choose foods that are high in protein and vitamin B. Keep accurate records of all immunizations. Get plenty of rest and sleep. Exercise to keep bones dense and to protect bone marrow. How to Keep Your Immune System Healthy

10. “Oxygen is vital for life. The respiratory system transfers oxygen from air to blood so that the cardiovascular system can distribute it, while the muscular and skeletal systems drive the movements of breathing. The air is often contaminated with dust particles, harmful microbes, allergens, and hazardous irritant, and cancer-causing chemicals; smokers further boost these last three categories. All of these items can damage the system’s delicate parts, making respiratory disorders among the most common of all illnesses. The Respiratory System—the human body book

11. The respiratory system is the body system that provides body cells with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide that cells produce as waste. The Respiratory System

12. The Diaphragm (a muscle) contracts and relaxes to allow air into the lungs. • Lungs • Air moves into the lungs through the trachea (windpipe). • The trachea branches out into two bronchi (the main airways that reach into each lung). • The airways become smaller as they branch out deeper into the lungs forming bronchioles. • At the end of the bronchioles are groups of microscopic structures called alveoli. How Respiration Works

13. Alveoli – thin-walled air sacs covered with capillaries. • Gas exchange takes place as oxygen and carbon dioxide spread across the walls of the capillaries and alveoli.

14. Respiratory problems can affect the functioning of other body systems. • Some helpful behaviors that should become regular habits for a healthy Respiratory system: • Do not smoke • Smoking damages all parts of the respiratory system and is the leading cause of lung cancer. Can cause bronchitis and emphysema. • Avoid breathing secondhand smoke • Do not inhale harmful drugs • Avoid breathing polluted air • Exercise regularly • Improves the capacity of the lungs to pass oxygen into the blood. • Wash your hands regularly to help prevent infectio Maintaining Your Respiratory Health

15. Sinusitis • inflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses. Caused by allergies or an infection. • Bronchitis • Inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution. • The membranes that line the bronchi produce excessive mucus in the airways, blocking them. • Symptoms – coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. • Asthma • An inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty breathing. Respiratory System Problems

16. Pneumonia • Inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection. • Alveoli swell and become clogged with mucus, decreasing the amount of gas exchange. • Symptoms – cough, fever, chills and chest pain. • Tuberculosis • Contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. • Symptoms – cough, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. • Treatment – antibiotics and hospitalization. Respiratory System Problems

17. Emphysema • Disease the progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli. • Symptoms – difficulty breathing and chronic cough. • Symptoms can be treated but damage is permanent. • Usually a result of smoking. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfVDAAdo7Pw Respiratory System Problems

18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4zOXOM6wgE SONG