NERC Standards Review for: Simulator Drill Orientation

1. NERC Standards Review for:Simulator Drill Orientation 2014 System Operator Conferences Charlotte NC & Franklin TN SERC/SOS Facilitator Team

2. Applicable to:Events Modeled on the Finist Energy System using:“OTS FINIST” – Operator Training Simulator Review of NERC Reliability Standards

3. Some Issues You Will See During the Drill: • MW limit violations; congestion on flowgates • Out-of-range voltage – high and low • Activation of protection systems • DCS events • Large deviation from schedule in • Interconnection frequency • ACE in the BAs • Actual Net Interchange • Need for manual load shed

4. Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this training, the participant should be able to: Identify and discuss NERC standards that relate to: • Establishing operating entity reliability responsibilities and authorities • Operating within established SOLs and IROLs; returning from “unknown” emergency state within 30 minutes • Having sufficient reactive resources to maintain voltage schedules; keeping generator units in AVR mode

5. Learning Objectives, cont’d Identify and discuss NERC standards that relate to: • Knowledge, understanding and coordination of protection systems, including:UVLS, UFLS, SPS • Ability of BAs to balance resources & demand following loss of generation. • Importance of proper communication protocols during system events. • Exercising TOP operator authority to shed firm load when required.

6. Outline of Topics • Applicable NERC Standards reviewed (as updated – April 3, 2014): • TOP-001: Reliability Responsibilities and Authorities • TOP-004: Transmission Operations • VAR-001: Voltage and Reactive Control • VAR-002: Gen. Operation for Maintaining Network Voltage Schedules • PRC-001: System Protection Coordination • PRC-006: UFLS & SERC Regional UFLS Standard • PRC-010: UVLS • BAL-002: Disturbance Control Performance • COM-002: Communications & Coordination • EOP-003: Load Shedding Plans

7. TOP-001-1a Reliability Responsibilities and Authorities

8. TOP-001-1a Enforcement date: 11-21-2011 Do “appropriate actions” include firm load shedding?

9. TOP-001-1a Enforcement date: 11-21-2011

10. TOP-004-2 Transmission Operations

11. TOP-004-2 Enforcement date: 1-22-2009

12. TOP-004-2 Enforcement date: 1-22-2009 R1: Operate within SOL/IROL R4: Return from “Unknown” within 30 minutes R5: “Cut Loose” if cannot remain connected

13. VAR-001-3 Voltage and Reactive Control

14. VAR-001-3 Enforcement date: 1-1-2014 R2: Acquire sufficient reactive resources to maintain voltage!

15. VAR-001-3 Enforcement date: 1-1-2014 R6: Be aware of status of Gen AVRs R10: Within 30 minutes: Correct IROL violation from lack of VARs R12: Take action to prevent voltage collapse including load shed.

16. VAR-002-2b Generator Operation for Maintaining Network Voltage Schedules

17. VAR-002-2b Enforcement date: 7-1-2013 Purpose: GO/GOPs must ensure units provide reactive to maintain voltage R1: GOP must have AVRs in automatic mode **exception: when unit is in start-up/shut-down mode. R2: Must maintain voltage unless exempted by TOP TOP must be notified when not in automatic

18. PRC-001-1.1 System Protection Coordination

19. PRC-001-1.1 Enforcement date: 4-3-2013 Purpose: to ensure system protection is coordinated among the entities! R1: Operator awareness: must be familiar with purpose and limitations of schemes R4/R5: Entities must coordinate protection and any changes

20. PRC-001-1.1 Enforcement date: 4-3-2013 R6: Operator Awareness: TOP/BAs must be aware of status of each Special Protection System (SPS )* *Detects a certain set of conditionsand takes action above & beyond just the isolation of faulted equipment. aka :Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) Ex. From Finist: If any 2 of 3 key lines are out of service and the remaining line trips, SPS kicks in to create an island of balanced load & generation.

21. PRC-006-1 PRC-006-SERC-01 Automatic Underfrequency Load Shedding UFLS

22. PRC-006-1 NERC UFLS Enforcement date: 10-1-2013 • PURPOSE of UFLS: • Arrest declining frequency • Assist frequency recovery • Provide last-resort preservation of system APPLICABILITY includes: “UFLS entities” Entities that own, operate and/or control UFLS equipment – may include TO, DP

23. PRC-006-SERC-01 SERC UFLS Enforcement dates: staggered per reqmt R4: 10-1-2015 (future enforcement) • PURPOSE of SERC UFLS: • Establish coordinated requirements for the UFLS schemes of all SERC entities R4: If UFLS entity has total load >100 MW, must implement UFLS scheme developed by their PC and it must meet certain requirements (such as % load shed, freq. setpoints, etc)

24. PRC-010-0 Assess Effectiveness of Automatic Undervoltage Load Shedding UVLS

25. PRC-010-0 UVLS Enforcement date: 6-18-2007 • PURPOSE of UVLS: • System preservation measure • Auto-sheds load to prevent: • Voltage Collapse • Instability APPLICABILITY includes: TO/TOPs that own or operate a UVLS program

26. PRC-010-0 UVLS Enforcement date: 6-18-2007 R1: At least every 5 years TO/TOP must evaluate its UVLS program – review voltage setpoints, timing, etc.

27. BAL-002-1 Disturbance Control Performance (DCS)

28. BAL-002-1 Enforcement date: 4-1-2012 Purpose: To ensure BA can restore balance following significant loss of generation. R3: Must carry enough Contingency Reserve to cover most severe single contingency

29. BAL-002-1 Enforcement date: 4-1-2012 R4: Following a Reportable Disturbance*, BA must return ACE to zero if pre-contingency ACE + or 0. If initial negative ACE, must return to pre-contingency value. Default time to recover: 15 minutes *Reportable Disturbance, from NERC Glossary: Any event that causes an ACE change greater than or equal to 80% of a Balancing Authority’s or reserve sharing group’s most severe contingency.

30. COM-002-2 Communication & Coordination

31. COM-002-2 Enforcement date: 6-18-2007 Purpose: ensure RC, BA, TOP, GOP use communications effective for addressing real-time emergencies R2: Directives must be issued using 3-part communication. 1- Sender speaks directive. 2-Recipient repeat-back. 3-Sender acknowledges

32. EOP-003-2 Load Shedding Plans

33. EOP-003-2 Enforcement date: 10-1-2013 Purpose: Ensure TOP, BA have capability and authority to shed load rather than risk uncontrolled separation or cascading outages R1: If all else fails, shed load. R8: Have plan for operator-controlled manual load shed

34. Summary • The simulator drills during this conference will reinforce the importance of adhering to NERC Reliability Standards, including: • TOP-001: Authority to take all appropriate actions • TOP-004: Operate within established limits • VAR-001: Have sufficient reactive resources to maintain voltage • VAR-002: Maintain generator voltage schedules and keep AVRs on automatic. • PRC-001: Be aware of purpose & limitations of automatic protection schemes

35. Summary, cont’d • PRC-006: Auto UFLS provides last-resort preservation of system when frequency is declining • PRC-010: Auto UVLS sheds enough load in a timely manner to prevent voltage instability/collapse • BAL-002: Have enough Contingency Reserves to recover from a DCS within the time limit • COM-002: Issue effective emergency directives using 3-part communication • EOP-003: After exhausting other corrective actions, manually shed load rather than risk an uncontrolled separation.

36. Questions?