Nonrenewable & Renewable Energy Resources

1. Nonrenewable & Renewable Energy Resources

2. Essential Questions: What are the advantages and disadvantages of nonrenewable and renewable energy sources? How can my research findings be presented in a debate format?

3. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Define nonrenewable What does it mean if something is nonrenewable? Look around your classroom. List things you can name that are nonrenewable or come from something that is nonrenewable?

4. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Nonrenewable Energy Resources • Energy resources which do not naturally renew or replenish themselves • Depleted by use Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear

5. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Energy Forms INB Template • Cut out four templates named “Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Energy Forms. (continued)

6. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Energy Forms INB Template 2. Glue tabs under oil, wind, and solar to make one long template. 3. Glue the middle two panels (biomass and wind into your notebook). • Make a foldable by folding along the solid lines. • Coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear will be covered in the non-renewable lesson.

7. Nonrenewable Energy Resources What do we mean by advantage and disadvantage? • Advantage means for a good effect, favorable gain, or desired end. • Disadvantage means for a bad effect, unfavorable, or undesired end.

8. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Fossil Fuels • Coal, oil, and natural gas • Formed when layers of buried plant, gases, and animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over a long period of time • Currently the world’s primary energy source

9. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Coal • Fossilized carbon • Combustible (burns) • Recovered through mining • Occurs in layer or veins called coal beds or coal seams • Burned to produce heat or electricity

10. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Environmental impacts (burning, by-products, acid rain, increased greenhouse gases) • Mining impact on the land • Impact on miner’s health Advantages • No shortage any time soon • Inexpensive • Reduces dependence on oil. • Creates jobs COAL

11. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Let’s debate Choose a partner. One person is a miner and the other is a representative from the EPA ( Environmental Protection Agency) You (the miner) come from three generations of miners. The coal mine you are working for is about to close because the EPA discovered it is contaminating the river with toxic chemicals. You don’t have any skills other than mining. How will you support your family? Can you convince the EPA representative to keep the mine open? You (the EPA representative) have to confront the miner. How will you break it to them that they are about to lose their job and probably their way of life? What suggestion do you have for the miner as they move through this difficult time? What opportunities can you provide for them to support their family?

12. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Oil • Known as petroleum or crude oil • Thick black liquid • Composed mostly of hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbons) • Found in specific rock reservoirs • Extracted through drilling

13. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Emits greenhouse gases • Spills cause water and land pollution and death to wildlife • Harmful emissions from plants can make people sick Advantages • Small amount produces a lot of energy • Easy to transport • Easy to produce • Constant reliable resource for years to come OIL

14. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Natural Gas • Found deep in the earth and drilled to extract • Flammable, colorless, odorless • Made of methane and other hydrocarbons

15. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Gas leaks can be dangerous. Can cause explosions • Burning creates greenhouse gases. • Expensive infrastructure for production and distribution Advantages Compared to coal and oil • Less damage to the environment • Burns cleaner • More abundant • Safer • Cheaper • Best among fossil fuels NATURAL GAS

16. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Think about it! With a partner make a list where you would find coal, oil and natural gas being used. Who can make the longest list?

17. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Fracking • A technique designed to recover gas and oil from shale rock • Drilling process similar to oil • A high-pressure water mixture is directed into the rock to break up the cracks and release the gas and oil inside. • Can be drilled horizontally or vertically

18. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Keeps us from developing renewable resources • Uses a lot of water in the process • May pollute groundwater • Noise pollution • Chemicals used unknown Advantages • Can reach more oil and gas than traditional methods • Makes us less dependent on foreign oil • Less air pollution • Creates jobs FRACKING

19. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Nuclear • The energy generated during nuclear fusion, especially when used to generate electricity • Fusion – two lighter nuclei fuse to form a heavier nucleus. Energy is given off. • Nuclear materials – uranium and plutonium.

20. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Environmental impact in mining uranium • High cost in securing radioactive waste • Expensive to build a plant and purchase fuels • Accidents at plants are costly and dangerous. Advantages • Low pollution • Reliable • Low cost to produce electricity • Little fusion material needed to produce a lot of energy • Easily transported NUCLEAR

21. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Generating electricity from nonrenewable resources • Fossil fuels are burned to induce heat. Nuclear energy is produced from fusing atom nuclei. • The energy is used to heat water. • The water turns to steam. • The steam turns a turbine. • The turbine shaft is connected to the shaft of a generator. • Magnets spin within wire coils of the generator to produce electricity. oil natural gas

22. Renewable Energy Resources Define Renewable What does it mean if something is renewable? Look around your classroom. List things you can name that are renewable or come from something that is renewable?

23. Renewable Energy Resources Renewable Energy Resources • Energy sources which naturally renew or replenish themselves over a period of time • Not depleted by use

24. Renewable Energy Resources Biomass • Energy from any material that comes from plants or microorganisms that were recently living • Trees, branches, scraps of bark, and recycled paper are examples of biomass energy • The energy comes from burning it. • It becomes biofuel when mixed with gasoline, such as ethanol.

25. Renewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Growing crops for biofuels requires large amounts of land and pesticides. • Land could be used for growing food. • Pesticides can pollute. Advantages • Can be stored and used when needed • Releases less harmful pollutants than gasoline • Uses materials that might normally be discarded

26. Renewable Energy Resources Wind • Wind energy is captured with wind turbines. • The blades turn a generator(located inside the tower), which creates electricity. • Groups of wind turbines are known as wind farms. • Found near farmland, in narrow mountain passes, and even in the ocean

27. Renewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Wind is inconsistent. • Not a good source of energy in all locations. • Dangerous for bats and birds Advantages • Can be very efficient and cheap in places with steady winds • It’s clean, no pollutants

28. Renewable Energy Resources Let’s talk! You’ve learned about biomass and wind energy. Working with a partner follow these directions: • Partner 1 talks for 30 seconds about biomass. • Partner 2 talks an additional 30 seconds about biomass. • Repeat steps 1&2 with wind energy. • See what you remember. Try not to look at your notes. • Talking helps your brain to remember new learning.

29. Renewable Energy Resources Hydroelectric • Energy made by flowing water • Hydroelectric power plants are located on large dams, which control the flow of a river. • A controlled amount of water flows through the tunnels and turns huge turbines which generate electricity.

30. Renewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Damming a river causes a great environmental impact for people, plants, and wildlife. • Dependent on rainfall to fill reservoir • Expensive to build a dam Advantages • Energy is inexpensive to harness. • Because rivers are everywhere, it’s an available resource. • Reliable because engineers control the flow of water

31. Renewable Energy Resources Geothermal • Heat energy from deep within the Earth • Water is warmed by magma and pumped to the surface. • Geothermal heat pumps create heat for houses and other buildings. • Steam can also be brought to the surface and used to turn a turbine to generate electricity. • 90% of people in Iceland use this heat source.

32. Renewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Not a wide spread source of energy • High installment costs to build power plants • Not easily transported Advantages • Clean • Does not require another fuel source to produce it • Does not emit any harmful pollutants into the air

33. Renewable Energy Resources Solar • Energy from the sun • Active solar energy uses technology to capture the sun’s rays (solar cells). • Passive solar energy gets energy from the way sunlight naturally changes throughout the day. (house might face a certain way to capture more of the sun’s rays)

34. Renewable Energy Resources Disadvantages • Energy cannot be created at night. • Cloud cover reduces power. • Works best if at the optimal angle towards the sun • Only converts 20% of the sun’s energy to electricity Advantages • Relatively simple technology • Little maintenance • Reliable and quiet • Free energy after purchasing solar panels

35. Renewable Energy Resources Generating electricity from renewable resources • Solar and biomass are used to induce heat. • The energy is used to heat water. • The water turns to steam. • The steam turns a turbine (geothermal). Or water turns it (hydroelectric) and wind turns it (wind). • The turbine shaft is connected to the shaft of a generator. • Magnets spin within wire coils to produce electricity. Hydroelectric Geothermal Wind Biomass Solar

36. Renewable Energy Resources Let’s debate! • Choose one type of renewable energy source. • Grab a partner and your electronic device and do a quick search on your resource. • Find additional advantages and disadvantages. • Be prepared to defend your position (either for or against) for that particular resource. • The teacher will choose some of you to debate your position.