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Chapter 1- Three Worlds Meet Era 1: Three Worlds mEET

U.S. History – The Americans. Chapter 1- Three Worlds Meet Era 1: Three Worlds mEET. Chapter 1:. Section 1: Peopling the americas. How were the American Continents populated?. 1. North America: Canada, U.S., Mexico, Central America, Caribbean 2. South America.

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Chapter 1- Three Worlds Meet Era 1: Three Worlds mEET

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  1. U.S. History – The Americans Chapter 1- Three Worlds MeetEra 1: Three Worlds mEET

  2. Chapter 1: Section 1: Peopling the americas

  3. How were the American Continents populated? • 1. North America: • Canada, U.S., Mexico, Central America, Caribbean • 2. South America

  4. “First Americans” are called Paleo-Indians • They were the first people to inhabit parts of North and South America • Arrived (possibly) 22,000 Years ago • How did they get here??? • Where did they come from???

  5. Migration Theories: • 1. Bering Strait Migration Theory • 15,000 – 20,000 years ago –first of many migrations from Asia through Bering Strait Land Bridge • Native Americans descended from Siberian peoples

  6. Bering Strait Migration

  7. migration Theories: • 2. Coastal Migration Theory • Humans reached the Americas by water • In boats along Pacific Coastline • 2,000 years earlier (maybe earlier than that!!!)

  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO72_fHeZ94&t=1023s Start 25:40- 29:41 Which Theory makes more sense to you? Bering Strait Migration Theory or the Coastal Migration Theory? First Peoples, PBS Nova (2015)

  9. Migration Theories: • 3. Native American Creation Theories: • Ancestors originated in the Western Hemisphere, and did not “migrate” • Creator God(s) / “Great Spirit” created people • Tie to Ancestral Land

  10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EBknU7D1OI New understandings point to other possibilities… Where Did the First Americans Come From (2015)?

  11. New Evidence- What does DNA Reveal? • Eva - oldest Humans remains found in the Americas • found in underwater cave in Yucatan, Mexico • Lived 12,000-13,000 years ago • DNA reveals she is related to 11% of living Native-American • Findings published in 2014

  12. “Eva” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO72_fHeZ94&t=1023s Start: 2:07 – 8:10 Describe any aspect of the clip that showed you something you hadn’t seen before or caused you to think in a new way. First Peoples, PBS Nova (2015)

  13. Which of the Migration Theories makes more sense to you? Explain why. Discussion Question!

  14. Essential Question: What was the impact of agriculture in the Americas?

  15. The DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE • Maize (corn): 8,000 b.c. Mexico • Potatoes: 2,000 b.c Andes (South America) • Farming: 1500 b.c. Mexico, Central Am., South America

  16. Agriculture Impacts Life! • 1. Farming led to: • permanent settlement (villages) • More/healthier population • 2. Surplus Goods led to: • Trade/economic systems • Market places • 3. Larger Population led to: • Division of labor/ responsibilities • Social classes (inequality) • Gender roles

  17. Agricultural knowledge was passed through… • Cultural Diffusion -The spread of cultural practices + beliefs from 1 culture to another

  18. North American “Three Sisters” • 1. MAIZE- provides a structure for the beans to climb • 2. BEANS- provide the nitrogen for soil • 3. SQUASH- provides shade

  19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jb5GKmEcJcw START 2:27 1. In the Mayan creation myth, the gods created “successful” humans using of what substance? 2. What does this tell you about Native peoples’ understanding of how the Americas were populated? Mayan CReaTIONmYTH

  20. Yes, Tortillas are historic 

  21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zr46zBwySw Start at 12:03-12:57 America Before Columbus – Agriculture in the Americas

  22. Did he Say…Carnivorous Potatoes????

  23. Complex Societies Flourish in the Americas • 1. Olmec – Southern Mexico (1200 B.C.) • 2. Maya – Southern Mexico & Central America (A.D. 250 – 900) • 3. Aztec – Central Mexico (1200’s) • 4. Inca – South America (1200’s)

  24. Ancient Desert farmers • 1. Hohokam Culture • 300 B.C. – A.D. 1400 • Central Arizona • Built: • irrigations canals • Had agriculture • Independent towns

  25. Ancient Desert Farmers • 2. Anasazi Culture • “ancient ones” • 1st century (100 B.C.) • Four corners: Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah • Height of civilization: 900-1150 A.D

  26. Mound builders • From Mississippi valley to Atlantic ocean • 1. Poverty Point Culture • Louisiana • Possible Olmec influence • Height of Civilization: 1200 B.C.

  27. Mound builders • 2. Adena Culture • Ohio Valley 400 B.C. • “great serpent mound” • Evolved into Hopewell culture • Ceremonial mounds/tombs • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2peYYYGub9U&list=PLznB0KOkhZ48KUHlP03DvpttgGg-d3wtU

  28. Mississippian Culture • A.D. 700- 1200 • 1. Cahokia – largest city (Missouri/Illinois) • Worship of the sun, agriculture (maize), trade • Reasons for Decline: food shortages, warfare ?

  29. Do you remember learning about Cahokia? Why do you think some textbooks mention Cahokia while others don’t? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Dp1CViqb5Y&t=6s CAHOKIA

  30. Chapter 1 Section 2: North American societies around 1492

  31. Diverse NATIVE AMERICAN GROUPS: • 1. Diverse cultures • 2. Hundreds of languages, dialects • 3. 75 million people (North & South America) • 4. 4-10 million people lived north of Meso- America

  32. Geography impacts culture!

  33. Native American regions

  34. Similarities amongst tribes 1.Spirituality/Religious beliefs- * the universe as sacred • * “Great Spirit” or Creator God • * connection to ancestors • *all living things have a spirit 2. Landas • a source of life • part of a person’s cultural identity & ancestry 3. Origin myths – connection between creator God, ancestors & land 4. Kinship – strong ties among family/tribe members.

  35. Main Idea: • diverse Native American groups lived in complex societies • Prior to the Arrival of Europeans

  36. Chapter 1 Section 5: transatlantic encounters

  37. 1492 Columbus “sailed the ocean blue” • Columbus’ voyage led to further Spanish exploration of the Americas

  38. Review: Columbus… • 1. Sailed for Spain • 2. was confused! • 3. Thought he was in India • 4. Called people “Indians” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zr46zBwySw • Video: America Before Columbus Start 44:40-50:33

  39. http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbushttp://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus Discussion Question: Did you learn anything new after watching the video? Thoughts, comments? Did Columbus Really “Discover” America?

  40. Columbus’s View of Native Americans

  41. Why the Name America? • Amerigo Vespucci • Participated in Spanish expeditions 1499 and 1501-1502 • Wrote about expeditions used the term “mundusnovus” to describe territory • Recognized the “new world” as territory not connected to Asia

  42. Why the Name America? • A German cartographer named Waldseemuller published a map of the “mundus Novus” ( new world) in 1507. • He Labeled the new territory “America” inspired by Amerigo Vespucci’s writings!

  43. Where is CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Buried?? • Died in 1506 • 1.Was buried in Valladolid , Spain • 2. 1509- remains were moved to…Seville Spain

  44. Where is CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Buried?? • 3. 1537- The widow of one of Columbus's’ SONS sent both remains to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic • 4. 1795 – Remains sent to Cuba,

  45. Columbus’s “Grave”, Dominican Republic

  46. Where is CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Buried?? • 5. 1898-back to Seville, Spain • Forensic team in Spain unearthed the remains in 2002…

  47. The results! • 2009 DNA research concluded that the remains of Christopher Columbus are located in…. • SEVILLE, SPAIN • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVS5qjRI94s

  48. Sgmhs Student @ Columbus’ grave in Seville Spain (2014 Mission TRIP)

  49. Treaty of Tordesillas • 1494 – an agreement between Spain & Portugal • Agreed to divide western hemisphere (new world between them) • Line of Demarcation

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