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Do Now

Do Now. Sit SILENTLY , open your notebooks, and copy down and answer the following question about the video in your notes in your notes. What do you think is the main difference between physical and chemical changes? https:// www.youtube.com / watch?v = gCbqjs-pqJo.

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Do Now

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  1. Do Now • Sit SILENTLY, open your notebooks, and copy down and answer the following question about the video in your notes in your notes. • What do you think is the main difference between physical and chemical changes? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCbqjs-pqJo

  2. Chemical and physical properties

  3. MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no yes no Is the composition uniform? Can it be chemically decomposed? Matter Flowchart Review MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

  4. Matter • Every element/compound is unique in some way from all others. • If you know enough about a substance, you can figure out what it is. • If you know what a substance is, you can know all types of things about it.

  5. Matter • All matter has 2 types of properties: Physical properties and chemical properties.

  6. Property If struck by lighting, the tree could catch FIRE (BURN) • Is a description of an object The tree is GREEN The tree is TALL

  7. Physical Properties • Are determined by the use of the . • They are a of an object. five senses description

  8. Physical properties • A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance. • (You can see it without changing what you’re looking at into something else.)

  9. Physical Properties • Physical properties can be extensive or intensive: • Extensive properties depend on the amount of a substance that you have. • Intensive properties don’t depend on how much you have.

  10. Physical Properties - Examples • Examples of extensive physical properties include: • Volume • Mass • Weight • Density

  11. Volume • The amount of space that matter occupies.

  12. Mass • A measure of how much matter is in an object.

  13. Weight • A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

  14. Density • The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume. • Mass/Volume

  15. Physical Properties - Examples • Examples of intensive physical properties include: • Density • Melting point • Boiling point

  16. Physical Properties - Examples • Other physical properties include: • Color • Hardness • Odor • Taste • State of matter • Texture • Luster (shine) • Flexibility • Heat conductivity • Electrical conductivity • Solubility (ability to dissolve in water.) • Shape • Viscosity • Ductility • Malleability

  17. States of Matter • There are different “states” of matter. No, not like Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico. States of matter are also known as phases (a physical state of matter). Elements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present. • Solid • Liquid • Gas

  18. What is happening at the atomic level Freezing Point Melting Point Boiling Point

  19. Freezing point • The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.

  20. B. Four States of Matter • Solids • particles vibrate but can’t move around • fixed shape • fixed volume • incompressible

  21. Melting point • The temperatures at which the solid form of the element or compound is at equilibrium with the liquid form. • Basically the range at which the solid changes its state into a liquid. • The melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius

  22. B. Four States of Matter • Liquids • particles can move around but are still close together • variable shape • fixed volume • Virtually incompressible

  23. Boiling point • The boiling point of an element or compound means the temperature at which the liquid form of an element or compound is at equilibrium with the gaseous form. • the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius.

  24. B. Four States of Matter • Gases • particles can separate and move throughout container • variable shape • variable volume • Easily compressed • Vapor = gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature

  25. B. Four States of Matter • Plasma • particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) • gas-like, variableshape & volume • stars, fluorescentlight bulbs, TV tubes

  26. Physical properties • List as many physical properties as you can for this item

  27. Chemical properties • A Chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that can only be observed by changing it into a different substance. • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/22cc81ed-8bd3-4b53-8964-18551be0242d/guidUnitId/1ef90b7b-c4ee-40d5-bcdc-ff4f708f8873#/tab=explore-tab&page=1&subTab=session5

  28. Chemical properties - Examples • Examples of chemical properties include: • The ability to burn • Ability to tarnish • Ability to rust • Ability to decompose • Ability to react with other chemicals • Instability • Ability to do acid/base reactions

  29. Chemical properties • List as many chemical properties as you can for this item.

  30. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • Titanium is very strong and doesn’t rust, so it is often used in jet engines. • Titanium is also nonallergenic. This, combined with the fact that it is rust proof makes it great for artificial joints as well as piercings.

  31. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • Tungsten is usually used as the filament in lightbulbs because it has the highest melting point of any metal. • It glows red hot when electricity runs through it, and it gives off both heat and light.

  32. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • Vanadium is heavier and harder than titanium, so mixing a tiny bit of vanadium with steel can make cheap tools that are still very strong.

  33. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • Helium is almost completely nonreactive (inert). • It is lighter than air, so it’s great for floating balloons (or making funny voices.) • When electricity runs through helium, it glows a creamy pale peach color.

  34. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • In 1943, all US pennies were made of zinc plated steel because copper was being used in the war. The pennies had to be coated with zinc because steel will rust, but zinc won’t.

  35. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • Sulfur smells awful. Rotten eggs, onions, and garlic all have sulfur in them. Stink bombs use sulfur to create a bad smell. • Sulfur is also flammable, and it is one of the 3 main ingredients in gun powder.

  36. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • Chromium is famous for its intense luster. Chrome plated tools, jewlery, silverware, or car parts are very popular.

  37. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • Most bullets are made of lead because lead is a very dense metal. These bullets are required, by international law, to be coated with a different metal because lead has such a low melting point and is so malleable.

  38. Chemical and physical properties – So what? • The most dense elements are Iridium and osmium which have a density of about 22.6 g/cm3

  39. Element abundance • The most common element in the universe is Hydrogen (about 75%), and Helium (about 25%). • The most common element on Earth is Oxygen (46.6%), and Silicon (27.7%). • The most common element in your body is Oxygen (65%), and Carbon (18%)

  40. Physical or Chemical Property? • Ability of gun powder and fire to explode. Chemical Property

  41. Physical or Chemical Property? • The color of a sunset. Physical Property

  42. Physical or Chemical Property? • The ability of a nail to rust. Chemical Property

  43. Physical or Chemical Property? • The shape of a leaf. Physical Property

  44. Physical or Chemical Property? • The ability of wood to burn. Chemical Property

  45. Physical or Chemical Property? • The hardness of a diamond. Physical Property

  46. Physical or Chemical Property? • The volume of your coke. Physical Property

  47. Physical or Chemical Property? • The mass of two camels. Physical Property

  48. Chemical and physical changes

  49. Physical Change • A Physical change is a change in a substance that does not change what the substance is.

  50. Physical Changes • a change that occurs changing the of the substance. • ____ new substances are formed. without identity No

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