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Microbial Genetics

Microbial Genetics. Your Cousin The Banana. Genome of a Mycoplasma. 7.1 Bacterial Recombination. Vertical and Horizontal Transfer of Genes. Genetic Transformation. Bacterial Transformation and Mechanism. The F pilus connecting donor and recipient E. coli cells. Bacteria Conjugating.

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Microbial Genetics

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  1. Microbial Genetics

  2. Your Cousin The Banana

  3. Genome of a Mycoplasma

  4. 7.1Bacterial Recombination

  5. Vertical and Horizontal Transfer of Genes

  6. Genetic Transformation

  7. Bacterial Transformation and Mechanism

  8. The F pilus connecting donor and recipient E. coli cells

  9. Bacteria Conjugating

  10. Some R Factor Plasmids

  11. Transposons migrating into genes involved in synthesis of pigments

  12. The Transformation Experiments of Griffith

  13. Gene Transfer Mechanisms

  14. Conjugation involves cell-to-cell contact for DNA transfer

  15. Genetic Engineering

  16. Genetic engineering was bornin the 1970s • Discovery of endonucleases • First recombinant DNA • Plasmids and sticky ends

  17. Genetic engineering has many commercial and practical applications • Pharmaceutical applications • Agricultural applications • Antibiotic production • Detection and diagnosis • Environmental biology • Vaccine production

  18. Construction of a Recombinant DNA Molecule

  19. A plasmid used for cloning

  20. Genetic Engineering

  21. Genetic Engineering (cont’d)

  22. Developing New Products using Genetic Engineering

  23. Plate culture of Luminescent bacteria who live under eye of a flashlight fish

  24. Transduction involves viruses in the lateral transfer of DNA • Description • Role of the bacteriophage • Lytic cycle • Lysogeny • Generalized transduction • Specialized transduction

  25. Generalized Transduction

  26. Specialized Transduction

  27. DNA Probes

  28. Role of Restriction Enzymesin making recombinant DNA

  29. Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR

  30. Steps of a single cycle of PCR

  31. Final PCR product

  32. Polymerase Chain Reaction

  33. PCR Amplifies selected DNA sequences

  34. DNA fingerprinting to identify criminals

  35. DNA Fingerprinting (cont’d)

  36. Fingerprints

  37. Gene Libraries

  38. Genetic information in bacteria can be transferredvertically and laterally • Bacterial mutation • Definition of recombination

  39. Many microbial genomeshave been sequenced • Analogy for comparing the human and E. coli genome lengths • First complete bacterial genome • First fungal genome

  40. Microbial genomics will advance our understandingof the microbial world • Food production • The environment • Biosensing • Human health

  41. Microbial genomics has produced some interesting findings • Comparison to the human genome • Large number of gene functions have not been identified • Genetic (pathogenicity islands)

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