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Live Forensics Investigations. Computer Forensics 2013. Live Investigations. Necessary because computer cannot be shut down E.g.: important server nature of evidence is too volatile E.g.: Malware investigations cost consideration remote forensics. Live Investigations.
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Live Forensics Investigations Computer Forensics 2013
Live Investigations • Necessary because • computer cannot be shut down • E.g.: important server • nature of evidence is too volatile • E.g.: Malware investigations • cost consideration • remote forensics
Live Investigations • Special challenges: • Interaction with life system changes the status of the life system • Consequence: • Need to document carefully what is being done • Use scripts • Use automated gathering tools • System can be root-kitted • Interaction with system is not usually at the lowest level possible
Live Investigations • Became normal only recently • Always seemed better to work directly with hard drive • If necessary construct a clone of the life system • Tools for capturing volatile evidence have increases
Live Investigation • Need to be preplanned • Bring all the tools, do not interrupt evidence gathering, document every step
Remote gathering of data • Possible to install forensics module • Allows routine investigations via network connection • Installs a trusted agent on each potential target machine • Agent communicates via a secure connection • Once triggered, agent collects data and sends them through a one-way connection to a collector
Remote gathering of data • Forensics Agent • Forensically sound data collection • Fully configurable • Best practice • Cross-platform • Can be used stand-alone or remotely
Remote gathering of data • Application specific data • Browser history, skype chat logs, ... • Memory capture
Remote gathering of data • Various providers • Encase, Access data, F-response, ...
Live Forensics • Usually use a toolkit • User-level rootkits • No influence since you are using your own tools • System-level rootkits • Norm among rootkits • Do usually not lie consistently: • Use several ways / tools to ask the same question • Automatically look for inconsistencies • Anti-rootkit-defense • Run various antivirus tools
Preparing the Toolkit • Label the toolkit. • Check for dependencies with Filemon or ListDLL. • Lots of dependencies lots of MAC changes. • Lots of dependencies easy to run into a trojaned utility • Create an MD5 of the toolkit. • Write protect any floppies.
Storing Obtained Data • Save data on the hard drive of target. (Modifies System.) • Record data by hand. • Save data on removable media. • Includes USB storage. • Save data on a remote system with netcat or cryptcat.
Storing Obtained Data with netcat • Quick on, quick off target system. • Allows offline review. • Establish a netcat listener on the forensic workstation. Redirect into a file. • Establish a netcat funneler on the target system to the forensic workstation. • Cryptcat does the same, but protects against sniffing.
Obtaining Volatile Data Store at least • System date and time. • List of current users. • List of current processes. • List of currently open sockets. • Applications listed on open socket. • List of systems with current or recent connections to the system.
Obtaining Volatile Data: Procedure • Execute a trusted cmd.exe • Record system time and date. • Determine who is logged on. • Record file MAC. • Determine open ports. • List all apps associated with open ports.
Obtaining Volatile Data: Procedure • List all running processes. • List current and recent connections. • Record the system time and date. • Document the commands used during initial response.
Determining Logons Cmdline from DiamondCS
Examples • Use Fport to look at open ports. • Use a list of ports to find suspicious ports, i.e. those used by known Trojans, sniffers or spyware. www.doshelp.com/trojanports.htm
Examples • If at your home system, fport shows a suspicious port use and netstat shows a current connection to this port, then kill the process.
Examples • Knowing what processes are running does not do you any good. • You need to know what they are doing. • At least, know the typical processes.
Examples • Access the registry with RegDump • Then study it with regedit on the forensic system.
Examples Assume generic monitoring of systems. Look for • Unusual resource utilization or process behavior. • Missing processes. • Added processes. • Processes with unusual user identification.
Examples • The windows task manager can be very helpful.
Examples: Detecting and Deleting Trojans • Use port scanning tools, either on host machine or remote machine. • Fport (Windows) • Superscan (Windows) • Nmap • netstat (for open connections)
Examples: Detecting and Deleting Trojans • Identify the Trojan on the disk. • Find out how it is being initiated and prevent the process. • Reboot the machine and delete the Trojan.
Example • Run superscan on local host to check for open ports. • What is happening at port 5000?
Example Port 5000?
Example • Run fport. • Connected to process 1260.
Example • Use pllist to find out what this is. • Connected to a process called svchost.
Example • Do an internet search on svchost. • Process checks the service portion of the registry to start services that need to run. • Use Tasklist /SVC in a command prompt
Example • Nothing serious here. • At least not on the surface.
Malware investigations • Run malware in a virtual machine • Problem: Malware can detect it is running in a virtual machine • Run malware on a life system • Dangerous for the environment • Can limit network connectivity • Try to observe malware effects • Live system: • Need to run monitoring tools • E.g. regmon, filemon • Can be detected by malware • Use differential analysis • Do system analysis on images taken before and after infection
Malware investigations • Can simulate the internet with inetsim
Malware investigations • Physical targets • Malware runs in native habitat • Without hypervisors, emulators, ... • Example: TRUMAN – The reusable unknown malware analysis net • Two physical computers • Windows machine for malware client • Linux machine for supervisor • Makes dd-images after executing samples, ... • Simulates internet services such as SMTP, FTP, IRC • Provides • Memory analysis with volatility • Registry analysis with regdiff.pl, dumphive, RegRipper • Packer identification • Network traffic analysis • NTFS ADS streams • Hashes of system files
Malware investigations • Physical target • Deep Freeze: • Prevents permanent changes to computer • FOG • Cloning and imaging software