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The Hutus and Tutsis

The Hutus and Tutsis. Civil disputes in Africa. Once, Hutus and Tutsis lived in harmony in Central Africa. About 600 years ago, Tutsis, a tall, warrior people, moved south from Ethiopia and invaded the homeland of the Hutus.

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The Hutus and Tutsis

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  1. The Hutus and Tutsis Civil disputes in Africa

  2. Once, Hutus and Tutsis lived in harmony in Central Africa. • About 600 years ago, Tutsis, a tall, warrior people, moved south from Ethiopia and invaded the homeland of the Hutus. • Though much smaller in number, they conquered the Hutus, who agreed to raise crops for them in return for protection. • Even in the colonial era -- when Belgium ruled the area, after taking it from Germany in 1916 -- the two groups lived as one, speaking the same language, intermarrying, and obeying a nearly godlike Tutsi king. • The legacies of colonial rule and the Cold War haunt Central Africa.

  3. 1926 Ethnic identity cards were issued in Rwanda. The Belgian colonial government ethnic identity cards, cemented the identity of Rwandans as either Hutu or Tutsi. • The Tutsis are provided greater access to education, professions, and government, while Hutus are relegated to "second-class" status. • Obviously the Hutus are going to resent this treatment and it becomes a factor that will surface in the future.

  4. Independence from colonial rule changed everything. • The monarchy was dissolved and Belgian troops withdrawn -- a power vacuum that both Tutsis and Hutus fought to fill. • Two new countries emerged in 1962 -- Rwanda, dominated by the Hutus, and Burundi by the Tutsis -- and the ethnic fighting flared on and off in the following decades. In 1986 Rwandan Patriotic Front was founded in Uganda (a Guerilla Movement) • It exploded in 1994 with the civil war in Rwanda in which hundreds of thousands of Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed. • Tutsi rebels won control, which sent a million Hutus, fearful of revenge, into Zaire and Tanzania.

  5. In Burundi, the Tutsis yielded power after a Hutu won the country's first democratic election in 1993. • The president was killed in an attempted coup four months later, and his successor in a suspicious plane crash in 1994, in which the Hutu leader of Rwanda was also killed. • In 1994, ethnic fighting in Rwanda led to the massacre of at least half a million Tutsis and sent more than a million Hutus fleeing to Zaire, Tanzania, and Burundi.

  6. Key Vocabulary • Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Tutsi-dominated organization from exiled Ugandans. • Interahamwe: trained and armed civilian militias by the Rwandan army. It means “Those who stand together.” • The Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR): was a rebel group largely composed of members of the Interahamwe and Armed forces of Rwanda that carried out the 1994 Rwandan Genocide • Paul Rusesabagina: Manager of the Mille Collins hotel in Rwanda. • Juvenal Habyarimana: Hutu president that was killed in the plane crash.

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