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Learning. Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs through experience . It is not behaviour that is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It is voluntary behaviours and attitudes. Learning Examples. Intentional/active learning Taking piano lessons
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Learning • Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs through experience. • It is not behaviour that is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. • It is voluntary behaviours and attitudes.
Learning Examples • Intentional/active learning • Taking piano lessons • Unintentional/passive learning • Listening to someone play the piano • Immediate change • Your tennis coach shows you a new serve and you try it • Delayed change • You watch a video about serving techniques and try it next time you play • Undemonstrated change • Watch a serve technique but never have the opportunity to try it
Reflex action • Automatic and involuntary behaviour or response to a stimulus, which does not require any processing by the brain to occur. • It is generally a single or simple response and improves our chance of survival. • Reflexes often diminish with age. • Eg, the patella reflex occurs when we kick our foot in response to a tap on the knee.
Fixed-action patterns (FAP) • An innate (inbuilt) complex sequence of behaviours that is specific to a particular species and generally relates to mating rituals. • All members of the species are genetically programmed to produce an identical response to the same stimuli. • Differs from a reflex as it involves a sequence of responses. • Fixed-action patterns cannot be changed through learning. • The higher-order the animal the less fixed-action patterns. • Eg, the courtship display of male pigeons involves strutting, with tail spread and dragging on the ground, neck fluffed and wings lowered.
Behaviours due to maturation • Behaviours that appear automatically at predictable times in the organism’s development (known as critical periods). • These behaviours are attributed to physical growth and development rather than learning. • The behaviours appear as the organism matures. • Eg, most human babies begin to “roll over” between two and five months of age.
