Geology – the study of the structure of the Earth

5 8/28 Geology – the study of the structure of the Earth Physical Geological Land/Ocean

6 8/28 Relative position – a point defined with reference to another position • Next to • Behind • 5 miles away

7 8/29* Lithosphere – solid outer layer of Earth • Crust • Mantle

8 8/29 asthenosphere – top part of the mantle • Hot • Soft rocks • Weak

9 8/30 Crust – outermost layer, least dense, solid rock • Basalt • Granite

10 8/30 Mantle – middle layer, thickest, top called asthenosphere • Density increases • Iron • Magnesium

11 9/3 Core – inner layer, most dense, iron and nickel • Outer core – slow flowing liquid • Inner core - solid

12 9/3 Sedimentary – rocks formed from compacting pieces of rock, mineral grains, or shell fragments • Weathering • Erosion • Dissolved in water

13 9/4 Density – how many parts are in a specific area Physical property Heaviness Mass/volume

14 9/4 Complex – having many parts • Compound • Intricate • Complicated

15 9/5 Plates – section of Earth’s crust • Plate tectonics • Move • Boundaries

16 9/5 Boundaries – area between lithospheric plates causing land formations from convection currents in the asthenosphere • Mid-ocean ridge • Earthquakes • Mountains

9/6 17 Seismic wave – energy in Earth spreads outward in all directions as vibrations • Earthquake • P-wave • S-wave • Surface wave

18 9/6 Fault – places in the plates where rocks break due to stress at plate boundaries • Normal • Reverse • Strike-slip

Geology – the study of the structure of the Earth