Cell Organelles and Homeostasis: Exploring the Structure and Function

1. Warm-up 2/22/11 • Teach the Teacher: What is something going on in the news? • Review: What is homeostasis? • Learning Target: What is one part of the cell that helps it maintain homeostasis? Cells have what kind of things in it?

2. Flash Card • On the Front: • Homeostasis • On the Back: • Balance, keeping equilibrium (98.6degrees body)

3. Warm-up 2/24/12 • Teach the Teacher: If you could travel to any city in the US where would you want to travel and why? • Review: If I was testing to see what kind of anti-persperant worked the best, what would be the dependent variable? • Learning Target: Compare cell organelles to a city.

4. Flash card • On the front: • Ribosome • On the Back: • Circles of protein synthesis

5. Flash card • On the front: • Mitochondria • On the Back: • Creates energy for the cell (folded membrane)

6. Travel Brochure for A cell • Using small roadside attractions as an inspiration, you will produce a travel brochure to entice visitors to take the next exit and visit the "incredible!, amazing!, and unbelievable!" sights of an animal or plant cell. For example, visitors might want to "visit the ribosomes, located just outside the nucleus, and watch as proteins are synthesized RIGHT BEFORE YOUR VERY EYES!".

7. Warm-up 3/1/12 • Teach the Teacher: What is the worst you have ever hurt yourself or the sickest you have ever been-hospitalization, etc. that you care to share. • Review: Which organelle makes proteins for the cell. • LT: Identify the functions of 4 cell organelles

8. The Ultra-Structure of Animal Cells • Draw a sketch and give one fact for each organelle: • Cell Membrane • Golgi Body and Vacuole • Mitochondrion • Centriole

9. Cell Organelle Quiz • 1. What organelle provides energy for the cell? • 2. List 4 other organelles AND their function (plant or animal)(can’t use #1). • 3. What is the main “export” of the cell? (like the widget in the city) • 4. What is the part of an experiment that changes?

10. Warm-up 3/7/12 • Teach the Teacher: What is your favorite Saturday morning cartoon? • Review: List as many organelles as you can… • Lt: Describe the function of the plasma membrane

11. The Homeostasis Regulator….Plasma Membrane!

12. Review • Cell theory: all living things come from pre-existing cells • Homeostasis: maintaining balance in an organisms internal environment • HOMEOSTASIS IS ESSENTIAL TO SURVIVAL!!!!!!

13. Plasma Membrane • Made of 2 groups of organic molecules: phospholipids and proteins • Phospholipids: molecules shaped like a head with 2 tails

14. Plasma Membrane Polarity • Heads are the phosphorous group which are polar (attract H2O) • Tails are long lipid chains that are non-polar (push H2O away)

15. PM: like a sandwich • Polarity of the phospholipids causes them to form a 2 layer “sandwich” • Prevents most materials from passing in/out of cell

16. The other stuff • Proteins are embedded in the bilayer • 3 types: Marker proteins (curley-q) identify the cell as to type • Receptor proteins gather info about the cell’s surroundings • Channel proteins act as the “gatekeeper” of the cell allowing larger molecules in/out of the cell

17. Passive & Active Transport: Moving Materials across the Plasma Membrane • First a chemistry review: • Solute is the substance that dissolves in another substance • Solvent is the more plentiful substance that dissolves the solute • Mixture of solute and solvent= solution

18. Passive Transport • Does NOT involve the use of Energy to bring things in/out of cell • Molecules seek homeostasis between the inside/outside of cell using the concentration gradient

19. The Power Behind Passive Transport • Diffusion: when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower conc. • Example: O2 in your blood stream • Osmosis: diffusion of H2O molecules in the direction of higher solute conconcentration (if solute is high then H2O is low)

20. Social-Scientific Issue • An issue that relates to science that is affected by: • Politics • Economics • Morality • Human Health

21. P M and 3 solutions • Hypertonic solution: solute concentration Out of the cell is higher than in the cell (more H2O molecules in the cell) • H2O molecules rush out of the cell to area of lower H2O conc. • Causes cell to shrivel

22. Hypotonic solution: solute concentration out of the cell is lower than in the cell (more H2O out of cell) • H2O molecules rush into the cell • Cell swells and can explode!

23. Isotonic solution: solute conc. is the same inside of the cell as outside of the cell • Equal amounts leave/enter the cell to create homeostasis • Cell stays the same size • This is what they give you in an IV to rehydrate you

24. One more thing about diffusion………. • Facilitated diffusion is when the plasma membrane is selectively permeable—it is choosy about what it lets into the cell • Channel protein does the choosing • “Regular” diffusion and osmosis do not involve the channel proteins • Still does not use E

25. Active Transport • Cell uses E to actively bring substances into the cell againstthe concentration gradient • Doesn’t matter if there is MORE of that substance in the cell—if the cell wants more it uses E to get more!

26. Plants use proton pumps to pump H atoms that are missing their electrons (hence the name ) through the internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts for E production (Krebs cycle)

27. Animals use sodium-potassium pumps to pump Na out of the cell and K into the cell • Na bonds with a glucose molecule while it is outside and then is pumped back into the cell • Glucose is released inside the cell and then Na leaves on another trip through the pumps • Nerve cells use the differences in Na and K conc. Caused by these pumps to send signals across the synapses thru-out the body

28. When food particles are too big to be brought thru the channel proteins, the cell will engulf the particle • This is called endocytosis • Pinocytosisis when a liquid w/ dissolved molecules are brought in • Exocytosis is how wastes are discharged from the cell in vacuoles; can also secrete chemical products (hormones) • Phagocytosis is when another cell or part of a cell is brought in; WBC “eat” invading bacteria, or amoebas devour their prey in this manner

29. Warm-up 10/12/11 • Teach the Teacher: What would be the best way to motivate students in school? • Review: What are the macromolecules that make up cells (there are 4) • Learning Target: Eukaryotic cells have what kind of things in it?

30. Flash Card • Osmosis • Diffusion • Phospholipidbylayer • Plasma cell/membrane

31. Trash Basketball

32. Which one is a phospholipids? (makes up the plasma membrane)

33. Because the phospholipids tails are hydrophobic the plasma membrane looks like a

34. This does not require energy… Passive Transport Mitochondria

35. This is the brain of the cell

36. Diffusion is when a substance goes from a ____ to a _____ concentration High to low Low to high

37. What would be the solvent?

38. This organelle makes proteins Vacuole Ribosome

39. Warm-up 10/13/11 • Teach the Teacher: If you could give a million dollars to a charity, what charity would you give it to? • Review: Name as many different parts of the inside of a cell as possible • Learning Targets: How osmosis and diffusion worked in the egg lab, different cells in the body, plant vs. animal cells