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Chapter Resources. Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com. Image Bank. Foldables. Chapter Summary. Chapter Review Questions. Standardized Test Practice. earth.msscience.com. Image Bank. Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.
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Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice
Image Bank Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.
Image Bank Transfer Images • To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps: • Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image. • Copy the image • Go to your own power point document • Paste the image.
Image Bank Growth Rings
Image Bank Scientific Methods
Image Bank Field Research
Image Bank Volcano Erupting
Image Bank Recording Data
Image Bank Technology
Image Bank Computer
Image Bank Apollo
Image Bank Rain Gauge
Image Bank Thermometer
Image Bank Weather Balloon
Image Bank Weather Station
Image Bank Elephants
Image Bank Scientist’s Observation and Notes
Foldables Scientific Vocabulary Make the following Foldable to help you understand the vocabulary terms in this chapter.
Foldables Fold a vertical sheet of notebook paper from side to side.
Foldables Cut along every third line of only the top layer to form tabs.
Foldables Label each tab with a vocabulary word from the chapter.
Foldables Build Vocabulary As you read the chapter, list the vocabulary words on the tabs. As you learn the definitions, write them under the tab for each vocabulary word. Exchange your Vocabulary foldable with a classmate and quiz each other to see how many vocabulary words you can define without looking under the tabs.
Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Science All Around • Scientific methods include identifying a problem or question, gathering information, developing hypotheses, designing an experiment to test the hypotheses, performing the experiments, collecting and analyzing the data, and forming conclusions. • Science experiments should be repeated to see whether results are consistent.
Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Science All Around • In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable being tested. Constants are variables that do not change. The variable being measured is the dependent variable. A control is a standard to which things can be compared. • Technology is the use of scientific discoveries.
Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Scientific Enterprise • Today, everything known in science results from knowledge that has been collected over time. Science has changed and will continue to change because of continuing research and improvements in instruments and testing procedures. • Scientific theories are explanations or models that are supported by repeated experimentation.
Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Scientific Enterprise • Scientific laws are rules that describe the behavior of something in nature. They do not explain why something happens. • Problems that deal with ethics and belief systems cannot be answered using scientific methods.
Chapter Review Question 1 Explain the difference between a constant and a control. Answer A constant is a factor that does not change when other variables change. A control is the standard by which test results are compared. A control is necessary in every experiment for the results to be valid.
Chapter Review Question 2 You conduct an experiment to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth, and give the same amount of water to all plants. Is the amount of water given to the plants a constant or a control?
Chapter Review Answer Since all trials use the same amount of water, it is a constant.
Chapter Review Question 3 After you make a hypothesis, what scientific method would you use next? A. analyze results B. draw conclusions C. identify a problem D. test the hypothesis
Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. After making a hypothesis, you need to test it.
Chapter Review Question 4 The statement that there is a force of attraction that pulls all objects toward Earth’s center is an example of which of the following? A. hypothesis B. law C. theory D. variable
Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. This statement describes the scientific law of gravity.
Chapter Review Question 5 What does it mean to be objective when conducting scientific experiments? Answer You are objective if you design your experiment in a way that prevents personal opinion from affecting any part of your investigation, including observations.
Standardized Test Practice Question 1 Which word refers to variables in experiments that do not change? A. constants B. controls C. data D. hypothesis
Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Constants are variables that are not changed. Controls are standards for comparison.
Standardized Test Practice Question 2 Which is an appropriate question for science to consider? A. Does breaking a mirror cause bad luck? B. What birds prefer nesting in low shrubs? C. What brand of fertilizer should farmers use? D. Which type of rose produces the most pleasing scent?
Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Questions that involve judgments about beauty or matters of opinion are not in the realm of science.
Standardized Test Practice Question 3 In a controlled experiment, the __________ is the observed condition that results from the change of the __________. A. dependent variable, control group B. dependent variable, independent variable C. independent variable, dependent variable D. independent variable, hypothesis
Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. In a controlled experiment, the condition that is changed is the independent variable. The scientist then observes or measures the dependent variable that results.
Standardized Test Practice Question 4 Which is a personal opinion that can affect observations in scientific experiments? A. bias B. concern C. ethics D. fraud
Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Bias is personal opinion; fraud is the opposite of ethical behavior in science.
Standardized Test Practice Question 5 In an experiment designed to test the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, which of these is a control? A. plants receiving 10 mg per plant biweekly B. plants receiving 20 mg per plant biweekly C. plants receiving 30 mg per plant biweekly D. plants receiving no fertilizer
Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. A control is a standard used for reference. The plant group receiving no fertilizer is a control because growth in this group occurs in the absence of the variable being tested. Plant growth in the experimental groups can be compared to that in the control group to determine the effect of the fertilizer.
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