TEMPLE ASSIGNMENT Imagine you are a modern day architect.

1. Assignment 4/17Report card questions:Check missing assignments on the computers at the front of the classroom • TEMPLE ASSIGNMENT • Imagine you are a modern day architect. • You have just received a commission to design a temple for either a political figure, pop icon, celebrity, historical figure, athlete etc.( must be school appropriate) • Draw the front façade of the temple • You must include each of the details of a Greek temple ( see pg. 170 in your textbook) • Be sure you are using each opportunity to complete: the mask, the mummy (which must be colored), and the texture, coloring sheet.

2. Classical Art Classical Art Greece and Rome 1300B.C.-500A.D. Greek Roman

3. What can you tell me about this image?

4. Objectives • Identify art from the 3 main periods of Greek art. • Describe the three orders of decorative style that originated in Greece. • List some of the important contributors to this culture

5. Behavioral Expectation • Raise your hand to make a comment or ask a question • No side conversations, please • Active listening.

6. Where is Greece?

7. Greek Culture • The Greeks had elaborate temples and plain homes. • In 776 B.C. the Olympic games began. • Reason replaces magic in the search for meaning. • Man creates gods in his own image. • The Greeks were the first people to write about their artists. • Deciphering Greek Art is made difficult because few of the actual pieces have survived. The information we have comes from critiques and pieces copied (translated) by the Romans. • Individual artists (and craftsmen) become important. • The first true coinage/ precious metal, consistent weight, guaranteed by the government,

8. Temples were considered dwelling places for the gods, who looked and often acted like humans. The highest goal for the Greeks was pleasing the gods. The most familiar features of Greek Architecture are: post and lintel construction/ a sloping, or gabled roof/ and a colonnade. Buildings are balanced, harmonious Greek Architecture

10. Parthenon • 447B.C. Pericles ordered work to begin on the Parthenon

11. Pericles (c. 495 - 429 B.C.) • Pericles was a leader of Athens who was responsible for rebuilding Athens following the Persian Wars. He was also leader of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, but he died of the plague that ravaged the city. Pericles was so important that the era in which he lived (during the 5th Century B.C.) is known as the Age of Pericles. Occupation: Leader

12. The sacred hill, or Acropolis, was crowned with a group of buildings symbolizing the glory of Athens. Pericles was responsible for almost all the buildings of the Acropolis. Erechtheum Parthenon Temple of Athena Nike Propylea The Acropolis

15. 3 Orders of Decorative Style Doric /ex. Parthenon No base Ionic/ex. Shrine to Athena Nike Capital carved into scrolls Elaborate base Corinthian/ ex. Monument to Lysicraties Decorated with leaves

17. Review Doric Corinthian Ionic Corinthian

18. 3 major periods of Greek Sculpture • Archaic • Classical • Hellenistic Kouros Discobolus Dying Gaul

19. Archaic Period 600—400B.C. • Large freestanding figures known as Kouroi and Korai • The plural form of Kouros meant “youth” • Stiff, static pose • Left foot forward • Female form called Korai (clothed women)

20. Classical Art: a Search for the IDEAL • The perfect or ideal form was a Greek concept. • They searched for perfection in the human form. • Their temples remained geometric, formally balanced • Human figures (in art) moved toward a more natural look. • Man was the focus of life; therefore, gods became idealized humans. Acragus temple at Concord Venus de milo Head of a youth

21. During the Classical period they abandoned straight, stiff poses and made their figures appear to move in space. The Discobolus (Discus Thrower) is a Roman copy in marble of a statue made by Greek sculptor Myron of Eleutherae in about 450 BC. The original was made of bronze and was life-size, as is this copy. The composition of this piece incorporates two intersecting arcs, creating a feeling of movement and tension. Classical Period /The search for the ideal

22. Myron/ never worked in marble only bronze No original work remains only Roman copies in marble Phidias/ one of the greatest Greek sculptors Athena in the Parthenon Supervised exterior decoration as well Sculptors

23. Polyclitus Specialized in statures of youthful athletes Contrapposto weight balanced on one leg while the other is free and relaxed. Sculptors

24. Beauty less important than emotional expression Hellenistic Period Dying Gaul Winged victory Nike of Samothrace Seated boxer

25. Review Classical Hellenistic Archaic Hellenistic

26. Greek Pottery • Early geometric designs slowly evolve into scenes telling stories • Vases were often used the way we use tomb stones Black figure Geometric Red figure

27. Review Red figure geometric Black figure

29. PhilosophyS.P.A. Plato Socrates Aristotle

30. Socrates (470 -399 B.C.) • Socrates was a Greek philosopher and teacher. He used inquiry-based instruction which means he taught by questioning his listeners and showing how inadequate their answers were. He introduced the idea of universal or standard definitions. Ex. Dogs differ in shape, size, color, yet there are common characteristics that identify them as dogs not cats or camels. He was accused of corrupting youths probably because he believed a society should be ruled by those who know how instead of those who are elected. • He believed human nature leads people to act correctly and in agreement with knowledge, therefore, wrong actions arise form ignorance. He believed “the unexamined life is not worth living” and “no man knowingly does evil”. He devoted himself to seeking truth and goodness. • He wrote nothing of his own thought so our information comes from the historian Xenophon, and Plato. • His following consisted of young men of Athens; many others mistrusted him for his unorthodox views on religion and his disregard for public opinion, this lead to his death sentence (hemlock).

31. Plato (423?-347?B.C.) • Plato was a supporter and close friend of Pericles. Plato founded the School of Philosophy and Science. His Academy’s most distinguished pupil was Aristotle. • Plato’s Theory of forms stated individual things only approximate their Forms, which remain unattainable, models of perfection. Only the intellect can know Forms, not the senses. True knowledge he believed is the knowledge of Forms. • He believed that the soul was made up of three parts: the rational part, the will, and desire. If the first two were functioning correctly they could overcome desire. • He believed that the Republic was the ideal society. The ruling classes would consist of Philosopher kings, the guardians, and the ordinary people that provide material needs (such as farmers and merchants, etc.).

32. Plato • He believed in the immortality of the soul. His afterlife was a realm in which one contemplates the perfect forms. He saw life as being filled with a dim recollection of the perfect forms and falling in love as happening because the beloved reminds us of perfect beauty. • Plato believed that learning consisted of recalling what was experienced in the realm of perfect forms.

33. Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC ) • Aristotle was a Greekphilosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many different subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology. • Aristotle not only studied almost every subject possible at the time, but made significant contributions to most of them • Founded a school called Lyceum • Believed man’s goal is Happiness and he can be happy when he discovers and fulfills his purpose. The purpose of a thing is what it can do best. Man is “rational” therefore his function is to reason. A happy life is one that is governed by reason. He believed that moral virtue is a matter of avoiding extremes, for example courage is the mean between the vices of cowardice and foolhardiness.

34. Review • What were the three periods of Greek Sculpture? Hellenistic Archaic Classical

35. Review • What were the three orders of columns? Doric Corinthian Ionic

36. Review Myron Phidias • List some of the important contributors to this culture. Pericles Socrates Polyclitus Aristotle Plato • Polyclitus