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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia. Cities: Sumerian City-States. city-states = a city that is also a separate, independent state ziggurats = pyramid-temples dedicated to a chief god or goddess of a city Rectangular in shape; surrounded by large walls Rival cities battled for control of land and water

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Mesopotamia

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  1. Mesopotamia

  2. Cities:Sumerian City-States • city-states= a city that is also a separate, independent state • ziggurats = pyramid-temples dedicated to a chief god or goddess of a city • Rectangular in shape; surrounded by large walls • Rival cities battled for control of land and water • Examples: Ur, Sumer, Erech, Kish, Babylon

  3. Central Government: First Empires • Sumer (3200 BCE) • King Sargon: first empire builder • Babylon (1790 BCE) • King Hammurabi: law code • Assyrians (1100 BCE) • King Assurbanipal: library of Ninevah • New Babylonia (612 BCE) • King Nebuchadnezzar: Hanging Gardens of Babylon • Persia (539 BCE) • Cyrus the Great: largest empire of Mesopotamia

  4. Writing:Cuneiform • cuneiform= earliest form of writing invented by the Sumerians in 3200 BCE; “wedge” writing using a stylus (reed pen)

  5. Social Classes:Hammurabi’s Code

  6. Organized Religion:Epic of Gilgamesh

  7. Technology:Hanging Gardens of Babylon

  8. Job Specialization:Phoenician Merchants • Phoenicians gained fame as sailors and merchants (traders) • Sea snails  “Tyrian purple” • Traded along Mediterranean • colony = territory settled & ruled by people of a distant land • alphabet  developed symbols to represent spoken sounds

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